不同大麦籽粒γ-氨基丁酸含量的差异及环境影响

Effects of genotype and environment on variation of γ-aminobutyric acid content in barley

【目的】对不同环境点种植的大麦品种(系)籽粒γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)进行检测与分析,为优质专用大麦种植区划与品种选育提供科学依据和材料。【方法】采用比色法对由267份裸大麦和91份皮大麦构成的大麦种质资源籽粒γ-氨基丁酸含量进行检测和分析,其中分别含有46份浅粒色和58份深粒色裸大麦资源的2个供试组,同时在地理经纬度相似而海拔高度差异大的什邡、元谋和拉萨不同环境点种植。【结果】在四川种植点,大麦不同基因型间籽粒GABA含量的变异幅度较大(0.062~1.038 mg/g),表现为数量性状的正态分布特点;平均GABA含量裸大麦显著(P<0.05)高于皮大麦,分别为(0.574±0.173)和(0.488±0.169)mg/g;籽粒颜色与GABA含量呈正相关,紫粒含量最高(0.618 mg/g),黄白粒含量最低(0.537 mg/g);在上述3个种植点,供试裸大麦的平均GABA含量随海拔增加显著提高(P<0.05),环境条件对浅粒色组影响更大。其中,浅粒色组平均GABA含量分别为(0.496±0.133)、(0.765±0.191)和(0.907±0.259)mg/g,而深粒色组GABA含量分别为(0.603±0.179)、(0.864±0.231)和(0.917±0.312)mg/g。鉴定筛选到受环境影响较小、GABA含量较高的裸大麦材料4份。【结论】大麦籽粒GABA含量是受遗传调控和环境强烈影响的复杂数量性状,籽粒颜色与GABA含量密切相关,海拔高度等环境条件对籽粒γ-氨基丁酸含量有显著的正向作用,少数品种表现环境稳定的较高GABA含量,可用于富含GABA的优质专用大麦种植生产和品种培育。

【Objective】The effects of genotype and environment on the grainγ-Aminobutyric Acid(GABA)content was evaluated to provide a reference and materials for planting zoning and breeding program of high quality special barley.【Method】A total of 358 barley cultivars or lines,including 267 naked barley and 91 malting barley,were used in field experiments,among which 46 and 58 genotypes of naked barley with light and dark grain colour respectively,were selected for further planting in three growing locations of Sichuan,Yunnan and Tibet,with similar latitude and longitude but quite different altitude.The grain GABA content was investigated using Colorimetric method.【Result】A considerable variation in grain GABA content existed among different genotypes in Sichuan site,ranging from 0.06 to 1.04 mg/g,which showed a normal distribution pattern like a quantitative trait.Malting barley has higher GABA content(P<0.05)than naked barley,with(0.574±0.173)and(0.488±0.169)mg/g,respectively.A positive relationship appeared between seed colour and GABA content,with the highest content 0.618 mg/g in purple group and the lowest content 0.537 mg/g in yellow-white group.The average grain GABA content in both grain colour groups significantly increased(P<0.05)with rising of environment altitude.Stronger enviromental effect happened to light group with(0.496±0.133),(0.765±0.191)and(0.907±0.259)mg/g in above planting sites,respectively,compared to that of(0.603±0.179),(0.864±0.231)and(0.917±0.312)mg/g in dark group.Few of naked barley accessions showed higher GABA content with less environment effect.【Conclusion】The grain GABA content in barley was controlled by a genetic system and affected intensely by environmental factors,in which GABA content was closely related to grain color,and promoted significantly by environment altitude.Environment-insensitive accessions with relatively higher GABA content might be applied to production and breeding of special barley enriched in GABA.