不同修复措施对准噶尔砂铁矿土壤养分和细菌多样性的影响

Different measures of remediation impact on soil nutrient and bacterial diversity in Junggar sand iron ore

【目的】为明晰砂铁矿区最适宜的植被修复措施,探讨最适宜砂铁矿区修复措施。【方法】采用高通量测序技术,以准噶尔荒漠东北部青河县砂铁矿为研究对象,分析不同修复措施下土壤养分差异及土壤细菌多样性和群落结构特征。【结果】不同处理下土壤养分含量有显著差异,其中D处理土壤有机质含量最高,>B>E>C>A;在土壤细菌门水平,放线菌门、变形菌门和绿弯菌门是其主要类群,相对丰度均超过75%,但细菌多样性及群落结构在处理间存在显著差异,均表现为D处理土壤细菌多样性最高,>E>C>A>B;冗余分析结果表明,土壤有机碳和土壤全钾主要影响D处理土壤细菌多样性及群落结构,土壤全氮主要影响B处理土壤细菌多样性及群落结构,土壤全磷主要影响E处理土壤细菌群落结构及多样性。【结论】综合得出半灌木+灌木+多年生草本+一年生草本混播(D)以及围栏封育(E)是最有效的砂铁矿区生态修复措施。为加快修复进程可以为D处理添加有机质和钾肥,E处理添加磷肥。

【Objective】In order to clarify the most suitable vegetation restoration measures in sand iron ore area,meanwhile the most suitable restoration measures in sand iron mining area was discussed.【Method】The high-throughput sequencing technology in present study was adopted,taken the pyore in Qinghe county in the northeast of Junggar desert as tested sample,and the difference of soil nutrient,soil bacterial diversity and community structure characteristics under different restoration measures were analyzed.【Result】The soil nutrient content varied significantly among the treatments,where the D-treated soil had the highest organic matter content,>B>E>C>A;Actinobacteriota,Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were the main groups of soil bacterial phyla level under each treatment,with their cumulative relative abundance exceeding 75%,but the bacterial community richness and diversity were significantly different between treatments,all showing the highest diversity of soil bacteria with D treatment,the second E treatment and the lowest B treatment.The redundancy analysis showed that soil organic carbon and soil total potassium had the greatest effect on the structure and diversity of soil bacteria treated with D,and soil whole nitrogen had the greatest effect on the structure and diversity of B-treated soil bacteria,and soil whole phosphorous had the greatest effect on the structure and diversity of soil bacteria treated with E.【Conclusion】It is comprehensively concluded that semi-shrub+shrub+perennial herb+annual herbaceous mixing(D)and enclosure sealing(E)are the most effective ecological restoration measures in the sand and iron mining area.In order to accelerate the restoration process,organic matter and potassium fertilizer can be added to D treatment,and phosphorus fertilizer can be added to E treatment.