日本实现“碳中和”目标的战略选择与政策启示

Japan’s Strategic Choice and Policy Enlightenment to Achieve"Carbon Neutrality"

日本已于2013年碳达峰,计划到2050年实现碳中和,其经验措施对中国具有较大参考价值。本文基于对日本提出碳中和目标的背景分析,着重考察其降低碳排量的措施和支持政策,总结对中国的政策启示。研究发现,14个重点领域代表性和关联性强,以电力、氢能和碳循环为主线的各项措施融合世界前沿技术和理论成果,突出日本产业基础与技术优势。政府多部门协作与地方积极响应、创新财政金融体制、强化专门立法和规则标准化、积极融入国际合作,为实现碳中和提供政策保障。借鉴日本经验,中国需提前布局碳中和、统筹“双碳”规划,推进配套基础设施建设、完善技术研发和推广政策,在深化国际合作中增强绿色产业竞争力。

Japan has reached carbon peak in 2013 and plans to achieve carbon neutralization by 2050.Its experience and measures are of great reference value to China.Based on the background analysis of Japan’s carbon neutrality goal,this paper focuses on its measures and supporting policies to reduce carbon emissions,and summarizes the policy enlightenment to China.The study finds that the 14 key sectors are highly representative and relevant.Various measures centering on power,hydrogen energy and carbon cycle integrate the world’s cutting-edge technologies and theoretical achievements,highlighting Japan’s industrial foundation and technological advantages.Carbon neutrality policies are guaranteed by government cooperation within multiple departments and local authorities,innovative financial supervision,strengthened legislation and technical standardization,and active international cooperation.Drawing on Japan’s experiences,China needs to formulate carbon neutrality in advance to coordinate with carbon peaking,promote infrastructure construction,technology R&D and extension,and enhance the competitiveness of green industries through deepened international cooperation.