社区参与何以影响高质量景区创建?——基于黄姚古镇创5A田野调查数据的质性分析

How does Community Participation Affect the Establishment of the High-quality Scenic Spot?A Qualitative Analysis Based on the Field Survey Data of Establishing a 5A Scenic Spot in the Ancient Town of Huangyao

文章以中国历史文化名镇黄姚古镇为例,探究社区参与对创建高质量景区的影响与作用机理。文章在梳理核心概念内涵的基础上,遵照扎根理论规范流程对从田野调查中获取的原始数据进行编码,进而运用质性分析软件ATLAS.TI进行共性系数分析和影响路径分析,深度解析古镇社区参与和5A景区创建之间的关系并建构一个社区参与高质量景区创建模型。结果显示:社区参与和创建5A级景区之间存在显著的间接影响关系;社区参与通过协同治理、信任基础、利益协调和资源利用4个中介变量对5A级景区创建产生影响,其中,协同治理是影响5A级景区创建最关键的变量;研究提炼出的理论模型还从多维度阐释社区参与高质量景区创建的多层次结构和作用路径,其核心在于不断提升社区参与的自主程度。最后,对于黄姚这类由外部力量主导的低嵌入性旅游古镇而言,文章提出应合理引导社区居民通过协同治理实现高质量景区的有效创建与旅游的可持续发展。

Taking the well-known Chinese historical and cultural town Huangyao as an example,this article attempted to reveal the impact and mechanism of community participation in the process of the establishment of a national 5A scenic spot.On the basis of sorting out the connotation of core concepts,this study encoded the raw data of field investigations according to the standardized grounded theory process,and applied the qualitative analysis software ATLAS.TI to analyze the commonness coefficient as well as the transmission mechanism in depth.Then the study constructed an impact analysis model of community participation in high-quality scenic spots establishment.The results show that community participation plays an indirect role in the establishment of a 5A scenic spot through four intermediary variables:collaborative governance,trust basis,interest coordination and resource utilization.Among them,collaborative governance is the most critical variable that affects the establishment of a 5A scenic spot.The study has also found that the key to the successful establishment of high-quality scenic spots is to continuously improve the autonomy of community participation.Therefore,for outsider-dominated ancient tourist towns such as Huangyao,the local residents should effectively participate in the establishment of the 5A scenic spot under reasonable guidance and develop a sustainable tourism through collaborative governance.