经典名方中莲类药材的本草考证

Textual Research on Nelumbinis in Famous Classical Formulas

通过查阅历代本草及医书典籍,结合现代文献,对莲的名称、基原、产地、药用部位、采收加工、炮制进行考证,为含该类药材经典名方的开发提供参考依据。据考证,自古至今莲的基原均为睡莲科莲属植物莲Nelumbo nucifera,根状茎(藕节)、叶(荷叶)、种子(莲子)、胚(莲子心)、花托(莲房)、雄蕊(莲须)、叶柄或花柄(荷梗)、叶基(荷叶蒂)、花(莲花)、种皮(莲衣)等均可入药用,并具有不同的临床功效。莲子初以河南为产区,后逐渐扩展到江南,今全国各地可栽培种植,以福建、湖南、江西为道地产区。对莲的入药部位及加工炮制的历史沿革进行梳理后建议,经典名方清心莲子饮中石莲肉应在秋季取莲N.nucifera的干燥成熟果实,除去壳及莲子心。二冬汤中荷叶药材当在夏秋两季采收莲N. nucifera的叶,以生品入药,按照2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》规定进行加工炮制。

The name,origin,place of origin,medicinal parts,harvesting and processing of lotus are verified by consulting ancient Chinese herbal medicines and medical books,combined with modern literature,providing a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing lotus. According to textual research,the original base of lotus is Nelumbo nucifera since ancient times,rhizome(Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus),leaf(Nelumbinis Folium),seed(Nelumbinis Semen),embryo(Nelumbinis Plumula),receptacle(Nelumbinis Receptaculum),stamen(Nelumbinis Stamen)and other medicinal parts of N. nucifera can be used as medicine and have different clinical effects. Nelumbinis Semen was originally produced in Henan,and then gradually expanded to Jiangnan. Today,it can be cultivated and planted throughout the country,with Fujian,Hunan,and Jiangxi as the authentic production areas. After combing the medicinal parts of N. nucifera and the historical evolution of its processing,it is suggested that the dried and mature fruits of N. nucifera taking in autumn and removing the shell and Nelumbinis Plumula should be used in Qingxin Lianziyin. Nelumbinis Folium in Erdongtang should be harvested in summer and autumn,and the raw products was used as medicine and processed in accordance with the provision of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.