经典名方中巴戟天的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Morindae Officinalis Radix in Famous Classical Formulas

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代文献资料,笔者对巴戟天药材的名称、基原、产地变迁、品质评价、采收加工与炮制方法等方面进行全面梳理与考证,为含有巴戟天药材的经典名方品种开发与研究提供参考。经考证,巴戟天的产地在历史上经历了由北至南的大变迁,基原涉及11个科14个属的21种植物,而古代巴戟天的主流品种为四川虎刺Damnacanthus officinarum和虎刺D.indicus,近代以来巴戟天药材来源于广东等地所产的茜草科巴戟天属Morinda officinalis的干燥根;古今巴戟天的药用部位均为根部,且以连珠状多、肉厚、颜色紫者品质为佳。古代巴戟天采收加工通常在二月、八月采收,阴干,用时去木心,而现代为全年采挖,先除去须根,晒至六七成干,轻轻捶扁,晒干;历代炮制方法主要为盐制、醋制、酒制等。通过对巴戟天的系统考证,从临床用药经验、安全有效的角度考虑,建议经典名方地黄饮子开发时应选用近代以来的主流品种,即茜草科植物巴戟天M.officinalis的干燥根,去心入药。

By consulting ancient herbal medicines,medical and prescription books,combined with modern documents,the textual research of Morindae Officinalis Radix has been conducted to verify the name,origin,changes in production areas,quality evaluation,harvesting,and processing methods,so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of the famous classical formulas.After textual research,the production areas of Morindae Officinalis Radix has experienced great changes from north to south in history.The original plants involve 11 families,14 genera and 21 species,and the mainstream varieties in ancient times were Damnacanthus officinarum and D.indicus,and the basis of Morindae Officinalis Radix in modern times has changed into the dry roots of Morinda officinalis produced in Guangdong province and other places.The medicinal parts of Morindae Officinalis Radix in ancient and modern times are all roots,and the quality is better if it has many beads,thick flesh,and purple color.Ancient medical books recorded that it was usually harvested in February and August,dried in the shade,and used to remove the wood core.And the modern harvesting and processing method is to dig throughout the year,first remove the fibrous roots,dry in the sun until 60%-70%dry,gently beat flatten and dry in the sun.The processing methods of the past dynasties are mainly salt-,vinegar-,wine-processed,etc.Based on the systematic research of Morindae Officinalis Radix,from the perspective of clinical experience and safety and effectiveness,it is recommended that the famous classical formulas should be developed from the mainstream variety since modern times,namely Morindae Officinalis Radix.