经典名方中竹茹的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Bambusae Caulis in Taenias in Famous Classical Formulas

通过查阅历代本草及医书典籍,结合现代文献资料,笔者拟对经典名方中竹茹的名称、基原、产地、采收加工变迁进行梳理。经考证,古代医家使用竹类药材仅认可䈽竹、苦竹、淡竹三类,采取竹叶、竹茹及烧制竹沥入药。不同基原的竹类药材具有不同的性味功效,历代医家经过临床优选,逐渐认为淡竹类为制取竹茹、竹沥的最佳来源。根据历代本草对该类原植物形态描述及附图,认为古代本草中的“淡竹”基原为禾本科毛金竹Phyllostachys nigra var.henonis,已被2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》(以下简称《中国药典》)收载为竹茹正品来源之一。故经典名方中竹茹药材的基原可选用2020年版《中国药典》规定的P.nigra var.henonis(《中国植物志》称之为毛金竹),药用部位为其茎秆的干燥中间层。姜制可增加竹茹温中止呕的功效,而《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》涉及竹茹的橘皮竹茹汤、温胆汤和竹茹汤处方中均包含生姜,且在原方中并未标注竹茹的炮制方式,故建议这3首经典名方中竹茹以生品入药。

By consulting the ancient herbal and medical books,combined with modern literature,the name,origin,geoherbalism,harvesting and processing changes of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias in famous classical formulas were sorted out.According to the research,ancient doctors only approved three kinds of bamboo medicinal materials,namely,Jinzhu(䈽竹),Kuzhu(苦竹)and Danzhu(淡竹),and took bamboo leaves,made Bambusae Caulis in Taenias and Zhuli(竹沥)for medicine.Bamboo medicinal materials with different origins have different properties,tastes and effects,after clinical optimization,it is gradually considered that Danzhu is the best source of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias and Zhuli.According to the morphological description of the original plants and the attached drawings,it is considered that the Danzhu in ancient Chinese materia medica should be Phyllostachys nigra var.henonis,which has been included in the 2020edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia as one of the genuine sources of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias.Therefore,It is suggested that P.nigra var.henonis can be added as the source of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias in famous classical formulas,and the medicinal part is the dry middle layer of its stem.Ginger-processed can increase the anti emetic effect of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias,and the three formulas involving Bambusae Caulis in Taenias from The Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas(The First Batch)all contain ginger,and the processing method of Bambusae Caulis in Taenias is not marked in the original formula,so it is suggested to use raw products in the three formulas of Jupi Zhurutang,Wendantang and Zhurutang.