经典名方中阿胶的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Asini Corii Colla in Famous Classical Formulas

通过查阅历代本草及医书典籍,结合现代文献资料对阿胶的名称、基原、产地、采收加工、炮制进行考证,为含该药材的经典名方的开发提供依据。唐代之前牛皮为阿胶主要来源,驴作为引入物种数量稀少;唐末至宋代,因医家对药物性效认识的发展,伴随着驴数量的增加及牛皮使用的限制,阿胶的来源由牛皮转向驴皮;明清时期药性理论进一步发展,诸医家基本认同阿井水与色黑的驴皮为制作阿胶正品必要的2个因素。建议进行古代经典名方开发时,阿胶药材以马科动物驴Equus asinus为正品基原,重视制胶水源的水质,以山东聊城一带为道地产区,并按2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》要求进行炮制加工。

Through consulting the ancient and modern literature,this paper makes a textual research on the name,origin,producing area,harvesting and processing methods of Asini Corii Colla,so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing the medicinal material.Before the Tang dynasty,cow leather was the main source of Asini Corii Colla,and donkey was rare as an introduced species.From the end of Tang dynasty to Song dynasty,due to the development of doctors’understanding of the properties and effects of medicines,with the increase of the number of donkeys and the limitation of the use of cow leather,the source of Asini Corii Colla changed from cow leather to donkey skin.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the theory of medicine property was further developed,and all doctors basically agreed that black donkey skin and E-well water were two essential factors for making genuine Asini Corii Colla.Therefore,it is suggested that Asini Corii Colla should take Equus asinus as the authentic origin in the development of the famous classical formulas,attach importance to the quality of water source,take Liaocheng in Shandong province as the authentic producing area,and the processing should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.