岛田虔次的“近代思维说”探析

Exploration to Shimada Kenji's Views of Modernistic Thinking

岛田虔次是二战后日本研究中国近世思想史的先驱,他以“近代思维”为根据,对阳明学进行了重新的解读。岛田虔次“近代思维”观点的形成受到了内藤湖南、稽文甫等人的影响,也与他的主观生命体验和当时学术背景有关。“近代思维”以欧洲近世的思想为其内涵,并以此考察中国的近世。岛田将欧洲近世的特征总结为“意图与方法”之间的矛盾,以及由此引发的“人”的发现。他将李贽视为阳明学发展的高潮,认为李贽的主观目的只是为了追求更加纯粹的“道”,但是其理论发展的客观结果却导致了个人理性的独立。岛田的阳明学研究引起了学界的激烈反响,具有重要的研究意义。

Shimada Kenji is the pioneer of studying modern Chinese intellectual history. He re-interpretates Wang Yangming’s philosophy based on the Modern Thinking. Shimada Kenji’s views of Modernistic Thinking were affected and shaped by Naitokonan, Ji Wenfu, etc., and also connected with his subjective life experience and the academic background at that time. The content of the Modern Thinking is the modern European thoughts, and Shimada Kenji uses them to study modern China. Shimada concludes the features of Modern Europe to the contradiction between Intention and Measure, and it initiates the Discovery of Person. He considers Li Zhi’s thoughts as the climax of the development of Wang Yangming’s philosophy, he thinks Li Zhi’s subjective aim is just to seek for purer Dao but the result of the objective development of Li Zhi’s theory leads to the independence of individual rationality. Shimada’s studies on Wang Yangming’s philosophy stirred up a heated academic repercussion and the studies themselves have important research meaning.