乳腺癌术后化疗患者发生医院感染的危险因素及其防治对策

Risk Factors for Nosocomial Infection in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Postoperative Chemotherapy and Their Countermeasures

目的:探讨和分析乳腺癌术后化疗患者发生医院感染的危险因素及其对策。方法:收集2016年1月—2020年12月赣州市立医院收治的220例乳腺癌患者的病历资料,统计患者的医院感染发生情况和病原菌分布,采用回归分析法分析患者发生医院感染的危险因素。结果:220例乳腺癌患者中有36例发生医院感染,发生率为16.36%;微生物培养显示,主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌;回归分析结果显示,年龄≥55岁、合并基础疾病、引流时间≥30 d、住院时间≥14 d和白细胞计数≤1.0×10^(9)/L为乳腺癌术后化疗患者医院感染发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌术后化疗患者医院感染发生率较高,而年龄、合并基础疾病、术后引流时间、住院时间和白细胞计数均为感染发生的重要危险因素;临床应针对相关因素采取预防措施,以减少甚至避免医院感染情况发生。

Objective: To explore and analyze the risk factors for nosocomial infection in breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy and their countermeasures. Methods: The medical records of 220 breast cancer patients admitted to Ganzhou Municipal Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were collected to explore the incidence of nosocomial infection and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria, and the risk factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed by regression analysis. Results: Among 220 breast cancer patients, 36 cases had nosocomial infection occurred with infection rate of 16.36%, and the microbiological culture showed that the Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogen bacteria. Regression analysis showed that age ≥55 years old, combined with underlying diseases,drainage time ≥30 d, length of hospital stay ≥14 d and white blood cell count ≤1.0×10^(9)/L were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy(P<0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of nosocomial infection in breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy is high, and age, combined underlying diseases, postoperative drainage time, length of hospital stay and white blood cell count are all important risk factors for infection. In these regards, clinicians should take corresponding preventive measures to reduce or even avoid the occurrence of nosocomial infection.