国土空间生态修复关键区域系统识别与修复——以武汉市蔡甸区为例

Systematic identification and restoration of key areas for ecological restoration of territorial space:a case study of Caidian District,Wuhan City

基于生态系统问题诊断与生态安全格局构建,探索国土空间生态修复关键区域识别与修复的方法路径。以武汉市蔡甸区为研究区域,从数量、质量、空间格局等3个方面系统诊断了生态系统的退化程度、退化类型及其空间分布。基于生态源地的识别,并以土地覆盖类型、距离水源距离、植被覆盖度、坡度、高程等5种因子构建生态阻力面,通过最小阻力模型识别潜在生态廊道,进而构建生态安全格局。在此基础上,综合生态系统问题诊断与生态安全格局需求,系统地辨识出了武汉市蔡甸区的生态保育区、自然修复区、人工修复区和生态廊道建设区。结果显示,共提取出1901.52 hm^(2)林地和水体作为生态源地,识别出18168.12 m潜在生态廊道。从生态保育、自然修复、人工修复、生态廊道建设4个方面提出了对应的生态保护修复措施。

The ecological restoration of land space is the key and difficult point in the comprehensive restoration of mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes and grasslands.This study can provide a method⁃ological reference for the systematic identification and restoration of key areas of ecological restoration areas in territorial space through the construction of the ecological security pattern in the study area and the identi⁃fication of key restoration areas.Based on the diagnosis of ecosystem problems and the construction of eco⁃logical security pattern,this paper explored the method and path of identification and restoration of key ar⁃eas of ecological restoration in territorial space.The Caidian District of Wuhan City was used to systemati⁃cally diagnose the degree of degradation,the type of degradation and the spatial distribution of ecosystem from three aspects including quantity,quality and spatial pattern.Based on the identification of ecological sources,the ecological resistance surface is constructed with five factors of land cover type,distance from water area,vegetation coverage,slope and altitude,and potential ecological corridors are identified by con⁃structing the least resistance model,and then the ecological security pattern is constructed.On this basis,ecological conservation area,natural restoration area,artificial restoration area and ecological corridor con⁃struction area in Caidian District were systematically identified by integrating the diagnosis of ecosystem problem with requirements of ecological security pattern.1901.52 hm^(2) forest land and water bodies were extracted as ecological sources,18168.12 m potential ecological corridors were identified.Corresponding ecological protection and restoration measures were proposed from four aspects above.