类胡萝卜素代谢途径基因变异导致园艺植物色泽差异的研究进展

Progress on studying color difference of horticultural plants caused by gene variation of carotenoid metabolic pathway

类胡萝卜素是园艺植物中广泛存在的次生代谢物和色素物质,在植物生长发育和观赏价值中发挥重要作用。同时它也是高价值的天然活性物质,对人体健康有益。因此,类胡萝卜素的代谢调控一直是园艺植物的研究热点。类胡萝卜素组分和含量的差异是造成园艺植物色泽和营养成分多样性的重要原因之一,解析优质性状形成的分子机制是进行定向改良的前提和基础。目前,植物类胡萝卜素代谢途径已明确,大量研究表明代谢通路上基因的启动子和编码区变异是造成类胡萝卜素代谢多样性的关键因素之一。本文对园艺植物类胡萝卜素变异遗传机制的研究策略、启动子和编码区的变异类型及变异对类胡萝卜素代谢的影响进行综述,为园艺植物类胡萝卜素的定向改良提供理论依据。

Carotenoids are secondary metabolites and pigments widely existed in horticultural plants.They play an important role in the growth and development of plants and ornamental value.It is also a natu⁃ral active substance with high-value,which is beneficial to human health.Therefore,the metabolic regula⁃tion of carotenoids has always been a research hotspot in horticultural plants.The differences in the compo⁃nents and contents of carotenoid are one of the important reasons for the diversity of color and nutritional value of horticultural plants.Analyzing the molecular mechanism of the formation of high-quality traits is the premise and basis for directional improvement.To date,the metabolic pathway of plant carotenoids has been clarified.A large number of studies have shown that mutations of promoters and coding regions in met⁃abolic pathways are the key factors causing the diversity of carotenoid metabolism.This article reviewed the strategies of studying the genetic mechanism of carotenoid variation in horticultural plants,the types of vari⁃ation in promoters and coding regions,and the effects of variation on carotenoid metabolism.It will provide a theoretical basis for the directional improvement of carotenoids in horticultural plants.