论《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的“引路人”形象

On"the Guiders"Image in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

“引路人”是美国成长小说的重要构成要件。通常情况下,“引路人”可分为三种:正面人物、自然神灵和反面人物。在马克·吐温的成长小说代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中,“引路人”形象同样明显而突出。作为“正面人物”的吉姆使哈克能够辩证看待现存价值观念,加速形成明辨是非的认知能力,使其完成从附和主流意识到拥护种族平等的思想嬗变;作为“自然神灵”的密西西比河使哈克从澄莹的河水中获取顺应本性自然的力量,涤荡哈克意识中残留的社会规约,从而使其产生对理想生存方式的渴求;作为“反面人物”的“国王”和“公爵”则展现了人性的丑恶,为哈克的成长提供了反面的参照,深化了哈克对社会准则与人性的反思。小说中的“引路人”随着哈克的“出走”与漂泊,对其心智与思想的发展成熟产生连续不断的功用,是哈克最终收获成长的关键。作家通过“引路人”的设置,意在表达对社会主流话语的反思与对儿童思想正确引导的呼吁。

"The guiders"are constitutive element in American bildungsroman.Generally,"The guiders"can be divided into three situations:the positive character,the natural god and the negative character.In Mark Twain's signature bildungsroman The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,the figure of the guiders are equally obvious and prominent.Jim as"the positive character"enables Huckleberry Finn to dialectically view the existing values,accelerate the formation of the cognitive ability to distinguish right from wrong,and make him complete the ideological evolution from supporting the mainstream consciousness to supporting racial equality;The Mississippi River as"the natural god"enables Huckleberry Finn to get the natural power from the clear water and cleanse the remaining social regulations in his consciousness,thus making him yearn for the ideal way of living."The King"and"The Duke"as"the negative characters":show the ugliness of human nature,provide a negative reference for Huckleberry Finn's growth,and deepen his reflection on social norms and human nature.With his departure and wandering,"the guiders"in the novel have a continuous function on the development and maturity of his mind and thoughts,which are the key to his final harvest and growth.Through the setting of"the guiders",the author intends to reflect on the mainstream discourse of society and appeal for the correct guidance of children's thoughts.