欧洲电气化公路建设对中国交通碳中和的启示

Implications of European Electric Highway Policies for Carbon-Neutral in China’s Transportation

欧洲为实现碳中和目标,将电气化公路作为重型车辆减排的关键举措。瑞典、德国、英国等国家已开展多项电气化公路试点项目,涉及架空式、导轨式和无线式三种技术方案,并在国家层面做了整体规划与布局。电气化公路能带来巨大的减排效果,还能带动一系列产业的发展。瑞典、德国、英国等国家在电气化公路的政策设计、整体布局思路、建设模式等方面的经验值得中国借鉴和学习。中国为实现交通碳中和,可学习欧洲的经验,积极制定电气化公路规划并开展试点,积极探索智慧电气化公路,实现能源、交通、信息的深度融合。

To achieve a carbon-neutral target in Europe, the electric highway is regarded as a key measure to reduce the emission of heavy-duty vehicles. Sweden, Germany, and UK have carried out some electric highway pilot projects, involving three technical solutions: overhead-line, rail, and wireless, and made the overall planning at the national level. An Electric highway can bring huge emission reduction benefits. Their contribution to the transportation sector in UK and Germany are respectively reducing 13.4 Mt and 9.2 Mt of carbon emissions every year. The Electric highway can also drive the development of a series of industries, such as electric vehicle manufacturing, batteries, smart grid, etc. To achieve carbon neutrality in transportation, China can learn from the experience of Europe, and explore the synergy and complementarity between different technologies based on the existing wireless charging technology and the innovative foundation of smart road energy supply. China should actively formulate electric highway plans and carry out pilot projects, and actively explore smart electric highways to realize the deep integration of energy, transportation, and information.