国家公园管护员制度的国际比较研究

An International Comparison of National Park Ranger Systems

国家公园管护员制度既是生态环境实地保护的重要保障,也是满足社区发展、访客游憩服务管理等人类利用需求的重要手段,对于协调国家公园人与自然关系、实现“人与自然和谐相处”具有重要意义。针对中国国家公园管护员制度尚处起步阶段的现状,通过国际比较研究,对比美国、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、乌干达、英国国家公园管护员制度特征,提出我国国家公园管护员制度建设的6项建议:明确原则定位、坚持文化认同、优化管理体系、注重能力提升、建设执法队伍、强化科研服务。

The national park ranger system is not only an important guarantee for the on-site conservation of the ecological environment, but also an important means to meet the needs of people such as community development, recreation service and visitor management, helping to coordinate the relationship between human and nature and realize "living in harmony with nature" in national parks. In view of the current situation that China’s national park ranger system is still in its infancy, by international comparation, this paper analyzes cases in the United States,Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Uganda and the United Kingdom, and puts forward 6 advices for building China’s national park ranger system:clarifying the principles, adhering to cultural identity, optimizing the management system, paying attention to ability improvement, building law enforcement teams, and strengthening scientifc research services.