疫情常态化背景下海员换班问题及应对策略研究

On Seafarers’Shift Change and Coping Strategy under the Background of Epidemic Normalization

新冠病毒肆虐,各国防疫形势严峻,但贸易全球化不可逆转,国际间的货物运输仍在继续且主要通过航运进行。作为航运业重要基础资源的海员群体却遭受换班、遣返、疫苗接种难等权益保障困境。《2006年海事劳工公约》《国际卫生条例》等国际文件虽明确保障海员相关权益的国家责任,但尚缺乏对国家不适当履行责任的制约机制,疫情下各国履责意愿总体较低。我国作为“有担当的大国”,应切实推进国内港口单位开展海员换班工作,起好“带头”作用,同时向相关国际组织提议划分国家间关于海员遣返及疫苗接种之责任,并推动构建全球海员换班信息系统公开平台,从国际国内两个层面助力疫情常态化背景下海员换班等困境的破解。

In spite of the Covid-19 wrecking havoc and the severe situation of epidemic prevention in various countries,the trade globalization is irreversible and international cargo transportation is still going on by main means of shipping.The seafarer group as the major basic resource in the shipping industry suffers from the dilemma of protection of rights and interests such as shift change,repatriation and vaccination.Although the international legal documents such as Maritime Labor Convention,2006 and International Healthy Regulations clearly guarantee the national responsibilities of seafarers’rights and interests,there is a lack of restriction mechanism for the countries to improperly perform their responsibilities,with generally low effect of performing their responsibilities under the epidemic situation.China,as a“major country with responsibility”,should actively take measures to effectively promote seafarers’shift change in domestic port units,and plays a leading role in this respect.At the same time,it should propose to relevant international organizations to divide the responsibilities of seafarers’repatriation and vaccination among countries,and it should promote the construction of an open platform for global seafarers’shift change information system,so as to help solve the dilemma of seafarers’shift change under the normalization of the epidemic situation from both international and domestic levels.