文化遗产数字化实践的版权挑战与应对

The Copyright Challenges of Cultural Heritage Digitization and Its Countermeasures

数字技术及其应用体系在实践中正在成为文化遗产实现保护传承利用共赢的最优选项。随着文化遗产数字资源的多样化应用,越来越多的人意识到其潜藏的价值,但长期以来悬而未决的关于文化遗产数字版权的归属问题也成为产业化发展绕不过去的最大阻碍之一。强调私权属性的全球知识产权法律体系,在实践中对于作为公共文化领域的文化遗产数字复制的版权保护存在明显的分歧和争议,而不同国家针对各自社会发展状况也做出了不同的调整。进入数字经济时代,中国文化文物行业基于总体知识产权的合作授权模式得到了快速发展和推进;与此同时,国际上文化遗产数字版权在以加密数字艺术的方式做商业化新拓展。综合国际经验与中国实情,文化遗产数字版权可以知识共享协议的方式得到合理认定,对于不同保管类型的文化遗产的数字权益进行分别确权,以实现文化遗产及其承载的珍贵文化信息在数字时代走向世界的内生使命。

In practice,digital technology and its application system are becoming the best choice for the protection,inheritance and utilization of cultural heritage.With the diversified application of cultural heritage digital resources,more and more people realize its hidden value,but the long-standing unresolved problem of ownership of cultural heritage digital copyright has become one of the biggest obstacles to the industrialization development.In the era of the digital economy,the museum sector in China has been rapidly developed and promoted based on the overall intellectual property licensing cooperation,and the digital copyright of cultural heritage is being commercialized in the way of encryption digital art in many other countries.The global legal system of intellectual property which emphasizes exclusiveness has significant differences and disputes on whether there is copyright over digital reproduction of artwork in the public domain,and different countries have made different adjustments according to their own social development conditions.Entering the era of digital economy,China's cultural relics industry has been rapidly developed and promoted based on the overall intellectual property rights cooperation and authorization model,and the digital copyright of cultural heritage is being commercialized in the way of Crypto Art.Based on international experience and China's actual situation,the digital copyright of cultural heritage can be reasonably identified by means of The Creative Commons License,and the digital rights and interests of cultural heritage of different custody types can be determined separately,so as to realize the endogenous mission of cultural heritage and its precious cultural information go global in the digital era.