基于TAM和BRA整合模型的政府数据开放意愿与行为研究

Research on Government's Behavior and Intention for Its Data Opening:An Empirical Study Based on TAM and BRA

基于技术接受模型和感知收益感知风险的整合模型,依据对上海市公务员的调研数据,运用结构方程模型和中介效应分析方法进行验证分析的结果表明,地方政府开放数据采取了选择性开放策略。其中,感知有用性会直接影响政府数据开放意愿,感知易用性、感知收益、感知有用性能够直接影响政府数据开放行为;感知风险负向影响政府数据开放意愿,而对政府数据开放行为没有直接影响;推动意愿在感知易用性、感知收益与推动行为之间发挥着较强的部分中介作用,在感知有用性与推动行为之间呈现出完全中介效应。未来,政府部门应明确数据开放清单,健全数据开放风险管理的法规制度,强化激励机制,避免单一部门的选择性行为,实现更深层次、更高质量的政府数据开放。

In the research of public management,government data opening is a highly concerned issue.Considering that civil servants are the key subjects to promote the government data opening,stimulating their enthusiasm is conducive to the comprehensive promotion of government data opening.Currently,there is still limited research on the intention and behavior of civil servants to promote government data opening.This study explores the influential factors and their impacts on government data opening from four factors of perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use,perceived benefits,and perceived risks.Based on the technology acceptance model(TAM),benefit-risk analysis model(BRA),the survey data of 305 Shanghai civil servants and the results of structural equation model and intermediary effect show that the local government adopts a selective strategy for government data opening.First,perceived usefulness can directly affect the intention of government data opening.When civil servants recognize that data opening contributes to the improvement of work efficiency and effectiveness,they will further participate in promoting government data opening.Second,perceived ease of use can directly affect the intention of government data opening.This means that civil servants'cognition and learning of government data opening policy and use of tools and platforms related to government data opening have a positive role in promoting the actual behavior of government data opening.Third,perceived benefits have no direct impact on the intention of government data opening.On the one hand,the promotion of government data opening will not generate additional material incentives and economic income for civil servants.On the other hand,government data opening is a mandatory policy.When the civil servants are motivated to promote government data opening and receive positive evaluation and feedback from all walks of life,their promotion behavior will naturally be directly affected by their revenue perception.Fourth,perceived risk has a significant negative impact on the intention to open government data,and has no significant negative impact on the behavior of government data opening.In contrast,civil servants tend to publish datasets that are low-complexity,easy to operate and manage,high-quality data,and free from national security,privacy risks,and trade secrets.The intention to open government data has a strong partial mediating effect between perceived ease of use,perceived benefits and behavior,as well as a complete mediating effect between perceived usefulness and behavior.In the future,government should clarify the data openness list,improve the regulatory system for data openness risk management,and strengthen the incentive mechanism in order to avoid selective behavior of a single department and achieve deeper and higher quality open government data.