CRISPR-Cas技术在病毒性传染病诊断中的应用

Application of CRISPR-Cas Technology in Diagnosis of Viral Infectious Diseases

病毒性传染病尤其是新发和再发病毒性传染病一直是人类和动物健康的重大威胁,而开发准确、快速、便捷的诊断方法有利于病毒性传染病的有效防控。CRISPR-Cas系统是当前应用广泛的基因编辑技术。近年来,有些类型CRISPR-Cas系统已在传染性病原微生物的分子诊断方面展现出巨大潜力,其与核酸扩增、荧光标记等技术结合建立的检测方法准确、灵敏度高、操作简便,不需要很复杂的设备,适宜用于疫病的现场快速诊断。论文综述了CRISPR-Cas系统Ⅱ型CRISPR-Cas9、Ⅴ型CRISPR-Cas12和Ⅵ型CRISPR-Cas13技术的作用机制及其在病毒性传染病诊断中的应用,以期为病毒性传染病的诊断和防控提供参考。

Viral infectious diseases,especially emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases,have always been a major threat to human and animal health.Development of accurate,fast and convenient diagnostic methods is conducive to the effective prevention and control of viral infectious diseases.The CRISPR-Cas system is currently a hot gene editing technology.In recent years,some types of CRISPR-Cas systems have shown great potential in the molecular diagnosis of infectious pathogens.Combined with technologies of nucleic acid amplification,fluorescent labeling and so on,the CRISPR-Cas system has been established diagnostic assays that are accurate,highly sensitive,easy to operate,and do not require complicated equipment,which is suitable for point-of-care diagnosis of pathogens.This article reviewed the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas systems typeⅡCRISPR-Cas9,type V CRISPR-Cas12 and type VI CRISPR-Cas13 technologies and their application in the diagnosis of viral infectious diseases,in order to provide references for studying the prevention and diagnosis of viral infectious diseases.