和田部分地区和田黑鸡3种球虫分子检测与鉴定

Molecular Detection and Identification of Three Coccidia Species in Hotan Black Chickens in Some Areas of Hotan

为了解和田地区和田黑鸡致病性较强的柔嫩艾美耳球虫、毒害艾美耳球虫和布氏艾美耳球虫的感染情况,收集和田地区11户规模化养殖条件下的和田黑鸡粪便样本449份,基于3种球虫ITS基因位点特异性引物,采用PCR进行检测和种类鉴定。结果发现,和田黑鸡3种球虫总感染率为16.5%(74/449),以布氏艾美耳球虫为优势感染种类,感染率为12.0%(54/449),柔嫩艾美耳球虫和毒害艾美耳球虫感染率分别为6.0%(27/449)和2.4%(11/449),球虫混合感染率为4.9%(22/449);以40日龄~80日龄和田黑鸡球虫感染率最高,感染率为20.4%(58/284);不同采样点和不同日龄和田黑鸡球虫感染率差异显著(P<0.05)。种系发育分析显示,柔嫩艾美耳球虫和毒害艾美耳球虫序列形成一个亚群,布氏艾美耳球虫、巨型艾美耳球虫和早熟艾美耳球虫序列形成一个亚群,堆型艾美耳球虫单独形成一个亚群。研究结果提示,和田部分地区和田黑鸡致病性球虫种类感染较常见,应进一步加强药物防治和耐药性检测研究。

In order to understand the infection rates of Eimeria tenella,E.necatrix and E.brunetti in Hotan black chickens of Hotan,449 fecal samples were collected from Hotan black chickens in 11 large-scale farms in Hotan.Three coccidian were examined and species identified by PCR based on the specific internal transcribed spacer(ITS)genes of E.tenella,E.necatrix and E.brunetti,respectively.Total infection rate of the three coccidian in Hotan black chicken was 16.5%(74/449),and E.brunetti was the dominant species with the infection rate 12.0%(54/449).The infection rates of E.tenella and E.necatrix were 6.0%(27/449)and 2.4%(11/449),respectively,and mixed infection rate of coccidia was 4.9%(22/449).The highest infection rate of coccidian in Hotan black chicken aged 40-80 days(20.4%,58/284).The Eimeria spp.infection rates in the Hotan black chickens differed significantly among differents farms and ages of chickens(P<0.05).Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences of E.tenella and E.necatrix were belong to a subgroup,and the sequences of E.brunetti,E.maxima and E.praecox belong to a subgroup,and the sequences of E.acervulina belong to a subgroup.The results suggested that the infection of coccidia was common in Hotan black chickens in some areas of Hotan,and drug control and drug resistance detection should be strengthened in further.