“双减”背景下学生学习生态系统的分析与优化

Analysis and Optimization of Students’ Learning Ecosystem under the Background of “Double Reduction”

“双减”是教育共同体力争从源头解决“减负”难题,促进学生身心健康成长,办人民满意教育的重要举措。“双减”的主体是学生,优化学生学习生态是国家从“减负”到“双减”的主线。学习主体与学习环境等多元生态因子共同组成学习生态系统。采用观察法、访谈法与文献研究法发现,学习生态环境秩序骤变、学习生态主体动力失衡、学习生态知识结构失序以及学习生态系统功能失调,成为“双减”背景下学习生态系统的发展困境。优化“双减”背景下的学习生态系统,可基于《OECD学习指南2030》的生态理论与布朗芬布伦纳的生态系统理论,围绕共生的学习共同体与和谐的学习环境等生态因子,遵循“人—财—物”助力减负的物质循环,“知识—技术—情感”融合减负的能量流动以及“家—校—社”协同减负的信息传递的运行机理,以确保学生健康学习与减负政策行之有效。

“Double reduction” is an important measure for the education community to solve the problem of burden reduction from the source, promote the healthy growth of students’ physical and mental health, and run education with the people’s satisfaction.The main body of “double reduction” is the students, and optimizing the students’ learning ecology is the main line of the country from “burden reduction” to “double reduction”. Multiple ecological factors such as learning subject and learning environment constitute learning ecosystem. The following problems are found by using the methods of observation, interview and literature research. Namely, the development dilemma of learning ecosystem under the background of “double reduction” is that the order of learning ecological environment is changing dramatically, the motivation of learning ecological subject is imbalance, the structure of learning ecological knowledge is out of order and the function of learning ecosystem is maladjustment. Optimizing of the learning ecosystem under the background of “double reduction” can be based on the ecological theory of “OECD learning Compass 2030” and U. Bronfenbrenner’s ecosystem theory. The ecosystem is constructed around ecological factors such as symbiotic learning community and harmonious learning environment. In order to ensure that students’ healthy learning and the policy of reducing burden are effective,researchers should follow three operating principles. Namely, the material cycle of “human-finance-material”promotes to reduce burden, the energy flow of “knowledge-technology-emotion”integrates to reduce burden, and the information transmission of “home-school-society” coordinates to reduce burden.