我国生产安全事故调查处理制度的不足及其改进——论《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》的修改

Deficiencies and Improvements of the Investigations and Handling System of Work Safety Accidents:A Discuss on the Amendment of the Regulation on Reports,Investigations and Handling of Work Safety Accidents

为贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于推进安全生产领域改革发展的意见》精神,进一步完善事故调查处理机制,本文采用历史分析、规范分析、实证分析等方法,从立法目的、调整范围、程序设计、法律责任等不同维度,对我国《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》立法演进及其实施进行剖析。研究表明:我国事故调查处理制度存在重问责、轻问由的倾向,导致事故调查处理机制不够顺畅,不利于事故预防功能的发挥。提出在“人民至上、生命至上”理念指导下,构建学习型的事故调查处理机制,并通过分离技术调查与司法调查,加之必要的正当程序控制实现。解决事故单位屡罚屡犯问题,还需要引入合规管理手段,进一步完善法律责任。

In order to implement the spirit of Opinions of CPC Central Committee and the State Council on promoting the reform and development in the field of work safety and further improve the accident investigation and handling system,in this paper,the lawmaking evolution ant its enforcement of a China's law of Regulation on Reports,Investigations and Handling of Work Safety Accidents was analyzed from the different dimensions,such as legislative purpose,adjustment range,procedure design,and legal liability.The researches show that there are inclined to put excessive emphasis on accident accountability and to give too little care to accident causes,which makes investigation and handling system not smooth enough and affects the function of the accident prevention.It is proposed to build a learning accident investigation and handling system under the guidance of the concept of"people first,life first",and separate technical investigation from judicial investigation with the necessary legitimate procedure control.It is still necessary to introduce compliance management means and perfect relevant legal responsibilities for resolving the problem that accidents happen repeatedly in some units.