《存在与时间》的“存在”与“时间”问题溯源——以《时间概念史导论》和《康德书》为中心

The Origin of the Problem of"Being"and"Time"in Being and Time-Focus on History of the Concept of Time and Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics

与西方近代哲学传统的关系不仅是理解《存在与时间》的关键,也是其成败得失的重要参照。然而,反叛西方哲学传统的姿态、问题意识的别具一格、全新的术语体系使得其与西方近代哲学传统之间的关系隐而不显。就此而言,写于《存在与时间》前后时期的《时间概念史导论》与《康德书》则展示了其与胡塞尔哲学和康德哲学的深刻关联:存在问题产生于对现象学的内在批判,时间问题则可以追溯到康德的先验哲学。因而它们共同构成了《存在与时间》内在思想的完整性,不仅是理解基础存在论的重要切口,也揭示了其内在矛盾和海德格尔思想转向的根本原因。

The relationship with Western modern philosophical traditions is not only the key to understanding the inner thoughts of Being and Time,but also an important reference for its success or failure.However,the stance of rebelling against Western philosophical traditions,the uniqueness of the problem,and the new terminology system make its relationship with Western modern philosophical traditions invisible.In this regard,the History of the Concept of Time and Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics written in the period before and after the Being and Time show its deep connection with Husserl's philosophy and Kant's philosophy.The questioning of Being stems from the internal criticism about phenomenology,and the nature of time can be traced back to Kant's transcendental philosophy.Therefore,History of the Concept of Time and Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics together constitute the integrity of the inner thought of Being and Time,which is not only an important entry to understand Being and Time,but also reveals the inherent contradiction of Fundamental Ontology and the root cause of the turn of thought.