赛博格与身体——赛博格理论与康吉莱姆身体哲学的比较与对话

Cyborg and Body-Comparison and Dialogue between Cyborgs Theory and Canguilhem’s Body Philosophy

康吉莱姆对笛卡尔的身体理念进行了细致的反思,康吉莱姆认为应该从生物体的角度解释机器。“赛博格”主要是指义肢乃至义体作为身体的延展。从表面上看,“赛博格”研究者与康吉莱姆都试图说明身体与机器的紧密关联。然而,“数字赛博格”的发展使得赛博格理论走向身心二元论的趋势日渐明显。此时,二者之间的对话何以继续?如何对“身体”“器官”进行界定?所以,在比较赛博格与康吉莱姆身体理念的过程中,笔者力图寻找康吉莱姆身体理念的当代意义以及赛博格理论的哲学启示。

Canguilhem made a detailed reflection on Descartes’ concept of "body". Canguilhem believed that machine should be explained from the perspective of organisms. "Cyborg" mainly refers to prosthetics as an extension of an organ or the whole body. On the surface, both Cyborg researchers and Canguilhem try to explain the close relationship between body and machine. However, the development of "Digital Cyborg" makes the trend of Cyborg’s theory towards physical and mental dualism more and more obviously.At this time, can the dialogue between the two continue? And how to define "body" and "organ" ? Therefore, in the process of comparing the body concept of Canguilhem and Cyborg, the author tries to find the contemporary significance of Canguilhem’s body theory and the philosophical enlightenment revealed by Cyborg.