2011-2020年陕西省咸阳市人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020

目的分析陕西省咸阳市人间布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)的流行特征,掌握其流行态势,为进一步进行人间布病防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对《中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病监测系统》中2011-2020年陕西省咸阳市人间布病发病数据及疫情资料进行统计分析。结果2011-2020年,咸阳市累计报告人间布病病例864例,无死亡病例报告,年发病率自2014年开始迅速上升,2019年最高,为5.79/10万,不同年份发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=900.40,P<0.001);咸阳市人间布病病例主要集中在奶山羊养殖县,累计报告病例571例,占66.09%;全年各月份均有病例报告,发病时间主要集中在4-8月份,占64.35%(556/864);病例年龄主要集中在40~69岁,占68.29%(590/864);男女性别比为2.40∶1.00(610∶254);职业主要是农民,占83.45%(721/864),散居儿童、学生、幼托儿童等非职业人群的比例有所上升。咸阳市人群血清学总阳性率为3.14%(283/9009),病原学培养出现变异型菌株。布病发病时间与诊断时间的间隔中位数为8 d。结论陕西省咸阳市人间布病呈现总体上升的流行趋势,需要引起重视,加大防控力度。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province,to grasp the epidemic trend and provide scientific basis for further prevention and control of human brucellosis.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to statistically analyze the incidence data and epidemic data of human brucellosis in Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2020 in the"Infectious Disease Surveillance System of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System".Results A total of 864 human brucellosis cases had been reported in Xianyang City from 2011 to 2020,and there was no dead case.The annual incidence began to increase rapidly from 2014,the highest annual incidence in 2019 was 5.79/105.There were statistical differences between the incidence of different years(χ^(2)=900.40,P<0.001).Human brucellosis cases in Xianyang City were mainly concentrated in dairy goat breeding counties,with a total of 571 cases reported,accounting for 66.09%.Cases were reported in all months of the year,and the peak incidence of human brucellosis was from April to August,accounting for 64.35%(556/864).The age of cases was mainly concentrated in the 40-69 years old group,accounting for 68.29%(590/864);the ratio of male to female was 2.40∶1.00(610∶254).The occupation was mainly farmers,accounting for 83.45%(721/864).There had been an increase in the proportion of scattered children,students and preschool children.The total serological positive rate was 3.14%(283/9009)in Xianyang City,and pathogenic culture showed variant strains.The median of interval between onset time and diagnosis time was 8 days.Conclusion The prevalence of human brucellosis in Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province shows an overall upward trend,which needs to be paid more attention to and control efforts should be strengthened.