空间全生命周期流行病学在慢性病研究中的应用

Spatial lifecourse epidemiology in chronic non-communicable disease research

近年来,慢性病致病因素的研究从专注行为生活方式等非空间因素逐渐向地理环境等空间因素延伸。空间全生命周期流行病学是健康地理学的分支方向。作为全生命周期流行病学和空间流行病学的融合,空间全生命周期流行病学结合先进的地理信息、测绘遥感、移动定位、人工智能等技术,对个体的全生命周期暴露史(暴露组)进行精准回溯、测量及模拟,采用累积风险模型和关键期/敏感期风险模型等全生命周期模型研究暴露史在个体全生命周期不同阶段对健康的影响。本文对空间全生命周期流行病学在慢性病研究中的理论基础、分析策略及重点研究内容进行综述,旨在促进其在慢性病领域的致病因素研究中的应用,为后续研究提供参考和建议,推动健康地理学的发展,最终实现全生命周期精准健康管理。

In recent years,the research focus on determinants of chronic non-communicable diseases has shifted from non-spatial factors(e.g.,lifestyle behaviors)to spatial factors(e.g.,natural and built environments).As the intersection of lifecourse epidemiology and spatial epidemiology,spatial lifecourse epidemiology is a research area in the field of health geography.It combines advanced spatial technologies,including geographic information systems,surveying,remote sensing,location-based services and artificial intelligence,to accurately retrace,measure,and simulate individuals'exposures across the life course(i.e.,exposome);and adopts lifecourse models,including the accumulation of risk model and critical/sensitive period models,to investigate the impact of individuals'exposures in the past on their health status at different stages of life.This paper introduces the theories,main analysis approaches and focus of spatial lifecourse epidemiology in the research of chronic non-communicable diseases for the purpose of better understanding and applications of spatial lifecourse epidemiology in the research of determinants of chronic non-communicable diseases,providing important reference for future research,facilitating the development of health geography to eventually achieve precise health management over the lifecourse.