青少年非自杀性自伤行为的家庭影响因素分析

Household determinants of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents

目的 分析青少年非自杀性自伤行为(NSSI)的家庭影响因素,为制定青少年自伤行为干预策略提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在黑龙江、安徽、湖北、云南、广东5省抽取15 623名11~20岁中学生为研究对象,采用问卷评估青少年NSSI行为的频率,以及家庭相关的影响因素。结果 最近1年内至少发生1次以上自伤行为者占28.8%,其中1~4次(偶有自伤行为)者占17.6%,5次及以上(反复自伤行为)者占11.2%。单因素分析结果显示,是否为独生子女、家庭类型、主要照料人文化程度、家庭教养方式、家庭人均月收入以及是否有精神疾病家族史与青少年偶有自伤行为及反复自伤行为均有相关性(χ^(2)=6.30~12.16,P值均<0.05)。控制性别、年龄、年级、民族,情绪管理、心理韧性、孤独感、社会支持等因素后,是否独生子女、家庭教养方式仍与偶有自伤行为均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.11,1.34,P值均<0.05);是否独生子女、主要照料人文化程度和家庭教养方式与反复自伤行为仍有相关性(OR值分别为1.19,0.69,1.57,P值均<0.05);以地区进行分层分析后显示,各地区的青少年自伤行为的影响因素不全相同。结论 独生子女、主要照料人文化程度等家庭因素可能与青少年自伤行为发生有关,青少年自伤行为的家庭影响存在地区差异。

Objective To analyze household determinants of adolescents’ non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI),and to provide scientific basis for NSSI intervention amogn adolescents.Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling method,15 623 middle school students aged 11-20 were selected from Heilongjiang,Anhui,Hubei,Yunnan,and Guangdong provinces,and non-suicidal self-injury and related household determinants were investigated by questionnaire.Results The survey showed that 28.8% of people who had NSSI in the past year accounted;among them,17.6% had 1-4 times(occasional self-injury) and 11.2% had 5 times or more(repeated self-injury) univariate results showed that whether they were an only child,family type,educational level of the main caregiver,family rearing style,family monthly income per capita,and whether there was a family history of mental illness was associated with adolescents’ NSSI(χ~2=6.30-12.16,P<0.05);multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that whether one child or family parenting style is still significantly related to occasional NSSI(OR=1.11,1.34,P<0.05)after controlling for gender,age,grade,ethnicity,emotional control,resilience,loneliness and social support;whether it is an only child,educational level of the main caregiver and family parenting style are still significantly related to repeated NSSI(OR=1.19,0.69,1.57,P<0.05);stratified analysis by region shows that the influencing factors of NSSI in adolescents in each region are different.Conclusion Family factors such as the only child and the education level of the main caregiver may be related to the occurrence of adolescents’ NSSI,but there are regional differences in the family impact of NSSI.