汉语阅读障碍儿童抑郁症状及其影响因素分析

Prevalence and factors influencing depressive symptoms among children with dyslexia in China

目的 探讨汉语阅读障碍儿童的抑郁状况及其影响因素,为预防和干预提供理论依据。方法 采用便利抽样方法选取深圳市宝安区8所小学三至五年级儿童6 298名,采用自行设计的一般情况调查表、《儿童汉语阅读障碍量表》《儿童学习障碍筛查量表》和《儿童抑郁量表(简版)》进行问卷调查。结果 共检出阅读障碍儿童174名,检出率为2.76%。阅读障碍儿童抑郁症状检出率(37.36%)高于非阅读障碍儿童(18.17%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.94,P<0.01)。与非阅读障碍儿童相比,阅读障碍儿童出现抑郁症状的风险升高(OR=2.65,95%CI=1.87~3.75,P<0.01)。母亲每天与儿童相处时间的长短也是儿童抑郁的影响因素之一,母亲每天相处时间≥3 h儿童出现抑郁症状的风险较相处时间<1 h儿童降低(3~4 h:OR=0.54,95%CI=0.36~0.81;5~6 h:OR=0.51,95%CI=0.34~0.78;≥7 h:OR=0.47,95%CI=0.32~0.69,P值均<0.01)。结论 阅读障碍儿童抑郁症状检出率较高,增加母亲每日的陪伴时间有助于预防儿童抑郁的发生。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and factors influencing depressive symptoms among children with dyslexia in China.Methods A total of 6 298 children in grades 3-5 were recruited from eight primary schools in Baoan,Shenzhen.The Questionnaire for Children’s Reading Ability,the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children,the Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities,and the Children’s Depression Inventory-short version were used.Results The prevalence of dyslexia was 2.76%(n=174).The rate of depressive symptoms in children with dyslexia(37.36%) was higher than children without dyslexia(18.17%)(χ~2=40.94,P<0.01).Compared with children without dyslexia,children with dyslexia had an increased risk of depressive symptoms(OR=2.65,95%CI=1.87-3.75,P<0.01).In addition,the average time that a mother spent with her child every day was one of the factors influencing depressive symptoms.The risk of depressive symptoms was lower in children who spent ≥3 h with their mothers than children who spent <1 h(3-4 h:OR=0.54,95%CI=0.36-0.81;5-6 h:OR=0.51,95%CI=0.34-0.78;≥7 h:OR=0.47,95%CI=0.32-0.69,P<0.01).Conclusion The rate of depressive symptoms in children with dyslexia was shown to be high.Increasing the time that mothers spend with their children every day is helpful in preventing the occurrence of depression in children.