马尔库塞的“消费异化”理论对当代中国生态文明建设的启示

Enlightenment of Marcuse's"Consumption Alienation"Theory to the Construction of Ecological Civilization in Contemporary China

面对资本主义社会日益严峻的生态危机,马尔库塞在吸收马克思的“异化”理论的基础上,从“消费异化”的角度对资本主义极权统治下社会上出现的违背常理的消费方式进行了深刻的批判。马尔库塞认为资本主义制度的恶疾以及在这样的制度下衍生出来的科学技术是导致人们“消费异化”的根源,为此要想克服“消费异化”必须通过艺术来解放人们内心的压抑感,从而建立具有“新感性”的人,以此来实现自然的解放。当前全球生态危机日益加重,人与自然的矛盾更加尖锐。因此,研究马尔库塞的“消费异化”理论对当代中国生态文明建设具有重大的现实意义。本文从马克思的异化理论、马尔库塞的“消费异化”理论、当代启示三个方面来展开探讨。

Faced with the increasingly severe ecological crisis in capitalist society,Marcuse,on the basis of absorbing Marx's"alienation"theory,made a profound criticism on the irrational consumption patterns in the society under the capitalist totalitarian rule from the perspective of"consumption alienation".Marcuse thinks that the evil disease of capitalist system and the science and technology derived from this system are the root of people's"consumption alienation".Therefore,in order to overcome the"consumption alienation",we must liberate people's inner depression through art,so as to establish people with"new sensibility",so as to realize the liberation of nature.At present,the global ecological crisis is becoming more and more serious,and the contradiction between man and nature is more acute.Therefore,the study of Marcuse's"consumption alienation"theory is of great practical significance to the construction of ecological civilization in contemporary China.This paper discusses Marx's alienation theory,Marcuse's"consumption alienation"theory and contemporary enlightenment.