肺移植受者真实体验的质性研究

Qualitative Study on True Experience in Lung Transplantation Recipients

目的 了解肺肺移植受者(lung transplantation recipients,LTRs)的真实体验,为制定针对性的护理措施提供指导。方法 2020年9-11月,采用目的抽样法选取北京某三级甲等医院肺移植病房的住院LTRs进行半结构化访谈,访谈15人后达到资料饱和。采用Colaizzi 7步法对资料进行归纳分析。结果 LTRs真实体验包括4个主题:心理体验复杂;主动进行心理调适;社会适应受阻;自我护理知识缺乏。结论 LTRs具有主动适应心理变化的倾向,但存在心理负担重、自我护理能力不足以及社交障碍等挑战。护理人员应当关注患者的具体情况,做好心理护理、出院计划和延续性护理,帮助受者提高生活质量。

Objective To explore the true experience of lung transplant recipients(LTRs),and to provide guidance for targeted interventions.Methods From September to November 2020,15 inpatient LTRs from a tertiary A hospital in Beijing were selected by purposive sampling method.Semi-structured interviews were conducted until the data saturation.The results were analyzed by Colaizzi’s seven-step method.Results Four topics were extracted:the experience of complex emotions;actively psychological adjustment;impairments in social interactions;and lack of knowledge.Conclusions LTRs are able to adapt to the physiological changes after transplantation.However,recipients face a series of problems such as various types of psychological distress,insufficient self-care,and impairments in social interactions.It is necessary for nurses to provide psychological guidance and plan transitional care programs to improve recipients’quality of life.