日本大德寺藏《五百罗汉图》中“万回”形象辨析与图像研究

Image Identification and Study of“Wanhui”in Five Hundred Arhats Collected in Daitokuji Temple of Japan

日本大德寺所藏南宋周季常、林庭圭《五百罗汉图·方丈升座》中的“方丈”形象实为“万回”,它具有与史料相对应的诸如锦衣、侍者、鼓、薝葡等身份识别元素。图像融合了万回自中唐至南宋所演变的从圣僧、神僧到和合之神的形象,并以更接近于历史真实的圣僧形象最终呈现。《五百罗汉图》中万回的绘制,不仅与系列中宝志、僧伽、傅大士组成完整的“三圣”或“四仙”,也作为独幅画作满足了南宋民间兴盛的“和合之神”信仰诉求。

The image of“abbot”in Five Hundred Arhats:The Abbot Raising the Throne by Zhou Jichang and Lin Tinggui in the Southern Song Dynasty,collected by Daitokuji Temple in Japan,is actually“Wanhui”.It has identity elements corresponding to historical materials,such as royal clothes,servants,drums,campaka-puspa and so on.This image integrates different images of“Wanhui”from the holy monk and divine monk to the“God of harmony”from the middle Tang Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty in its evolution,and finally presents the image of holy monk closer to the historical reality.The painting of Wanhui in Five Hundred Arhats not only forms a complete“Three Saints”or“Four Immortals”with Baozhi,Sangha and Master Fu in the series,but also serves as a single painting to satisfy the popular belief in“God of harmony”in the Southern Song Dynasty.