面向城市尺度的人居环境自然适宜性评价

Evaluation on Natural Suitability of Human Settlements in Urban Scale

城市人居环境是影响人类居住幸福感的重要因素,但目前国内外关于人居环境适宜性研究主要面向特定区域的案例式分析,评价模型通用性差,使得研究结果逻辑上缺少可比性。针对上述问题,该文提出一种在城市尺度上具有普适性的人居环境自然适宜性评价模型,以成都、武汉、兰州3个具有典型地理位置的城市作为研究区,选取地形、植被、水体、气候和自然灾害五大指标进行相关空间分析,并应用层次分析法确定各指标权重,得到研究区人居环境自然适宜性评价结果。通过模型评价发现,该模型在精度上优于全国尺度的栅格评价方法,在普适性上优于大尺度的特定区域评价,评价结果的区分度较强,可以对不同案例城市的人居环境进行有效的对比分析,为城市规划和相关决策提供参考。

The urban human settlement is an important factor that affects the well-being of human living.However,the current domestic and foreign research on the natural suitability of human settlements focuses on the case-based analysis method for a specific region.Meanwhile,the lack of universal models makes case comparisons difficult.In response to the above problems,this paper summarizes the model indexes based on existing regional research,selects topography,vegetation,water body,climate,and natural disasters as five major indexes,and determines their respective weights using the analytic hierarchy process,combines GIS and RS spatial analyzing technology,attempts to establish a universally applicable evaluation model of the natural suitability of human settlements in urban scale.Chengdu,Wuhan,and Lanzhou,located in basin,plain and plateau regions respectively,are chosen to conduct human settlements evaluation experiments.Finally,through model evaluation,it is found that the accuracy of this model is better than that of the national-scale raster evaluation method,and the universality is better than that of the large-scale specific area evaluation method.The experiment demonstrates that:except for universal applicability,this model has a strong distinction degree and effectiveness.It can effectively compare and analyze the human settlements of different case cities,and provide an important reference for urban planning and decision-making.