旅游开发对乡村文化胁迫的比较研究——以陆巷、翁巷和杨湾为例

Comparative Study on Tourism Stress to Rural Culture:Taking Luxiang,Wengxiang and Yangwan as Examples

探究旅游开发对乡村文化的胁迫问题是进行乡村旅游实践反思以实现高质量发展进而推进乡村全面振兴的基础工作。以不同发展阶段的乡村旅游地(杨湾、翁巷和陆巷)为例,综合运用定性与定量研究方法,进行旅游开发对乡村文化的胁迫维度分异、胁迫阶段判定及内部差异研究,结果表明:1)乡村旅游文化胁迫包含自然景观、聚落景观、生产生活、人际交往和精神仪式5个维度,总体上乡村文化胁迫处于预警阶段,居民对聚落景观文化胁迫的认可度最高;2)不同发展阶段的乡村旅游地各类文化胁迫水平及所处胁迫阶段存在差异,其中自然景观、生产生活和人际交往的文化胁迫水平随乡村旅游发展阶段的提升呈上升趋势;3)居民对5个乡村文化胁迫维度的感知情况在陆巷、翁巷和杨湾存在较大差异,基于这些差异可将案例地居民划分为“聚落景观守护者”“旅游开发反对者”“旅游开发支持者”“人际交往乐观者”。该研究是乡村旅游文化影响研究的继续与深化,对更有针对性地发现乡村旅游带来的文化胁迫问题以及乡村文化的保护传承和可持续利用具有参考价值。

Exploring the stresses of tourism development on rural culture is the basic work to rethink profoundly rural tourism practice to achieve high-quality tourism development and rural revitalization.Choosing three rural destinations of Yangwan,Wengxiang and Luxiang at different tourism development stages as examples,this paper makes a study on the dimension differentiation,stress phase determination and internal differences of tourism stress to rural culture by adopting qualitative and quantitative methods including in-depth interviews,potential conflict index,and so on.The results show that:1)The tourism stress to rural culture includes five dimensions:natural landscape,settlement landscape,production and life,interpersonal communication and spiritual ceremony.Generally speaking,rural cultural stress is in the early warning phase,and residents have the highest recognition of settlement landscape cultural stress.2)There are different levels and phases of cultural stress in different development stages of rural tourism destinations.With the development of rural tourism,the stress levels of rural cultures in natural landscape,production and life,and interpersonal communication show an upward trend.3)Residents of Luxiang,Wengxiang and Yangwan villages have large internal differences in their perceptions of the five dimensions of rural cultural stress.Based on these differences,the sample residents could be divided into four types,namely settlement landscape guardians,tourism development objectors,tourism development supporters and interpersonal communication optimists.This study is the continuation and deepening of the research on the cultural impacts of rural tourism,which has implications for understanding the cultural problems brought by rural tourism and achieving the protection,inheritance and sustainable use of rural culture.