近20年来生态修复中根际微生物的研究进展

Research Progress of Rhizosphere Microbes in Ecological Restoration in Recent 20 Years

采用文献计量方法,对近20 a生态修复中根际微生物的研究进行梳理和总结,重点阐述国内典型生态脆弱区(青藏高原、黄土高原和喀斯特地区)生态修复中根际微生物的研究现状,并提出今后根际微生物在生态修复研究中的重点。结果表明,生态修复中根际微生物的研究进展可分为3个阶段,即初步发展阶段(2000-2006年)、缓慢发展阶段(2007-2017年)和快速发展阶段(2018-2019年),不同阶段的研究重点不同。在初步发展阶段,国外学者研究了根际微生物对土壤有机化合物的矿化作用,国内学者重点关注重金属、有机污染物等污染土壤的相关问题;在缓慢发展阶段,多环芳烃的降解问题受到广泛重视。随着测序技术在第3阶段的快速发展,根际微生物的研究进入快速发展阶段,主要集中在植物修复和生物降解方面。总的来说,国外重点关注根际微生物与植物对退化土壤的联合修复,而国内主要侧重于对有机污染物的降解。近20 a来,我国典型生态脆弱区的相关研究主要集中在根际微生物对全球变化(增温、降雨)的响应、有机污染物降解、对植物促生等方面,尚缺少根际微生物之间及其与植物、土壤的互馈研究。今后,生态修复中根际微生物的研究应重点关注功能微生物群、微生物共存网络以及植物-土壤-微生物协同作用等方面。

Rhizosphere microbes are important members of soil-plant system,and their roles in ecological rehabilitation have been attracted extensive attentions.Based on the bibliometrics approach,the present study summarized the works on rhizosphere microbes in ecological rehabilitation in recent 20 years,particularly focusing on the typical fragile areas in China,including Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Loess Plateau and Karst area,and also proposed the research emphasis of rhizosphere microbes in the future.It was pointed out that the research progress of rhizosphere microbes in ecological restoration could be classified into three stages,including initial development stage(2000-2006),slow development stage(2007-2017),and rapid development stage(2018-2019).The research emphases in the three stages were different.At the initial stage foreign researchers paid attention to the mineralization of soil organic compounds by rhizosphere microbes,while domestic researchers focused on the roles of microorganism in rehabilitation of polluted soil,especially on heavy metals and organic pollutants.At the second stage,the research of rhizosphere microbes developed relatively slowly,and both foreign and domestic researchers highlighted the associations between microbes with degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phenanthrene.As the sequencing technology developed in the third stage,the rhizosphere microbes research developed rapidly and mainly focused on phytoremediation and biodegradation.In general,foreign studies mainly focused on the joint remediation effects of rhizosphere microbes and plants on degraded soil,and the domestic works paid more attention to the degradation of organic pollutants using functional microbes.In recent 20 years,the response of rhizosphere microbes to global changes(warming,rainfall),degradation of organic pollutants,and plant growth promotion have been widely investigated in ecologically fragile areas in China,but there was a lack of information on the plant-soil-microbes feed-back.In the future,functional microbiota,microbial co-existence network and plant-soil-microbes synergy should be further explored in the ecological restoration.