“礼治复兴”:中国乡村社会中的共享传统及其现代重构

“Revival of Rites”:The Shared Tradition and Its Modern Reconstruction in Chinese Rural Society

中国社会的共享传统伴随着农耕文明的发展而逐渐成熟,并被以儒学为主体的国家礼治模式所形塑,表征着中国内生性发展的一种社会运行机制,因此可以成为理解中国社会的内部视角。追溯与梳理传统社会中的相关话语形式,理解与阐释历史上国家礼治与地方自治之间的互动关系,可以促进对自古及今中国社会内部制衡机制的认知。纵观中国社会的近现代发展历程,无论是20世纪上半叶的民国乡村建设运动,还是20世纪七八十年代集体化时代的“新德治”实践,以及新时期乡村社会中的“礼治复兴”现象,都会发现以礼治为表征的共享传统的坚韧传承及其在社会振荡时期的重要调谐作用。发掘中国社会共享传统中的知识共享、社会共建、道德共育等核心要义,不仅有助于准确理解当今乡村社会中普遍出现的“礼治复兴”现象,对国家乡村振兴战略的实施亦有着重要镜鉴意义,还可在激活中国社会整体人文精神的意义上,为中华传统文化传承发展和中华文明伟大复兴奠定基础。

The shared tradition in the Chinese society has gradually matured along with the development history of agricultural civilization,and has been shaped by the courtesy education model featuring Confucianism-based etiquette.It represents a social operating mechanism of China's endogenous development,and therefore serves as an internal perspective for us to explore the Chinese society.By combing the relevant discourse forms in the traditional society,and understanding and explaining the interactive relationship between the rule of etiquette and local administrative autonomy in history,it can promote the understanding of the internal checks and balances in the Chinese society from ancient times to today.Throughout the course of modern development of the Chinese society,whether it is the rural construction movement of the Republic of China in the first half of the 20th century,or the practice of“new rule by virtues”in the collectivization era of the 1970s and 1980s,and the phenomenon of“revival of rites”in the rural society in the new period in New China,we will find the tenacious inheritance of the rural shared tradition characterized by the rule of etiquette and its important tuning role in the period of social oscillation.Discovering the core elements of knowledge sharing,social co-construction,and moral co-education in the rural shared tradition,it will not only help to understand the phenomenon of“revival of rites”in today's society,but also have important significance for the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization,and help to lay the foundation for the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese civilization in the sense of activating the humanistic spirit of the Chinese society as a whole.