农业雇工合作与村庄秩序再生产——基于豫南白村的经验

Agricultural Employment Cooperation and the Order Reproduction in Chinese Villages:Based on the Experience of Bai Village in Southern Henan

农民合作是农村社会秩序研究的重要内容。理解农民合作与村庄秩序的关系,关键在于把握合作背后的实践规则。研究以豫南白村农业生产过程中的组织化雇工为例,探究家庭理性规则何以影响村庄秩序再生产。通过对雇工过程与合作关系的考察,发现雇工组织以经济理性为合作目标,维持个体家庭的发展秩序。合作过程是雇工组织的工具化过程,即基于家庭理性形成的雇工组织成为家庭理性向村庄秩序延伸的媒介。研究认为家庭理性扩张消解村庄公共秩序再生产的社会基础,内在隐含家庭理性对村社理性的规则替代。虽然两种理性均具有整体主义和伦理内核,并非西方经济话语体系中的个体理性,但不同之处在于家庭理性是农民基于发展压力而作出的自主性调适,其实践主体和支配结果有清晰的利益边界。作为一种公共规范,村社理性服务于村庄利益共同体是维系村社稳定的秩序机制。因此,要加强基层村社组织建设和培育文明乡风,建立以村社理性为规则的公共秩序。

Farmers’cooperation is an important part of the research on rural social order.To understand the relationship between farmers cooperation and village social order,the key lies in grasping the practical rules behind the cooperative behavior.This study takes the organized labor cooperation in Bai Village in southern Henan as an example to explore how the rational rules of the family development affect the reproduction of the order in the village.Through the investigation of the hiring process and the cooperative relationship,it is found that the hiring organization takes economic rationality as the goal of cooperation and maintains the development order of the individual family.The process of cooperation is an instrumentalized process of the organization of hired workers,that is,employers’organizations have become a medium through which family development rationality extends to the order of the village.The research believes that the expansion of family development rationality dissolves the social basis of the reproduction of the village’s public order,because its inherent implicit family development rationality replaces the rule of collective rationality.Although both kinds of rationality have a holism and ethical core,they are not individual rationality in the Western economic discourse system.The difference is that family development rationality is the autonomous adjustment made by farmers based on the pressure of development,and its practice subject and control result have a clear interest boundary.As a public norm,the rationality of village community serves the community of village interests and is an order mechanism to maintain the stability of village community.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of grassroots village community organizations and cultivate civilized rural customs,and establish a public order based on the rationality of the village community.