残疾形象建构对公共政策设计的影响——基于美国和德国残疾人福利政策的多案例研究

The Implications of Social Construction of Disability for Public Policy Design:Case Studies of Disability Welfare Policies in the US and Germany

我国已通过政策“兜底”全面消除了残疾人的绝对贫困,让残疾人群体迈入全面小康社会。但是,要促进残疾人共同富裕取得实质性进展,必然要提高残疾人进入中等收入群体的机会。针对社会偏见仍然是造成我国残疾人劣势处境的主要原因,本文以公共政策领域的目标群体社会建构与政策设计理论为分析框架,对美国和德国两个福利国家约两百年的残疾人福利政策发展历史进行解读,总结残疾形象建构与公共政策设计之间的逻辑关系,为我国促进残疾人共同富裕的政策选择提供部分理论思路和历史经验。基于研究发现,本文提出在人口老龄化背景下,国家可考虑从“人力资源开发”角度赋予残疾人新的社会形象和公共价值,促进残疾人通过高质量就业来进入中等收入群体行列。

Through the policies that guarantee a basic standard of living,China has eliminated the absolute poverty of people with disabilities and enabled them to live in a moderately prosperous society.Nonetheless,in order to make substantial progress in promoting the common prosperity for people with disabilities,it is necessary to increase their opportunities to join the middle-income group.Given that social prejudice is still the main reason for the disadvantaged situation of people with disabilities in China,using the social construction and policy design theory as the analytical framework,and by exploring the disability welfare policies which have been evolved over two hundred years in two welfare states-the US and Germany,this paper aims to explore the logical relationship between social construction of disability and public policy design,and provide a reference for formulating policies aimed at promoting common prosperity of people with disabilities in China.Finally,this paper proposes that in the context of population aging,it is advisable to reshape and improve the social image and public values of people with disabilities from the perspective of"human resource development",and promote people with disabilities to join middle-income groups through high-quality employment.