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浙江省短时强降水的时空分布特征 被引量:7

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Short-Time Heavy Rainfall in Zhejiang Province
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摘要 利用2010~2019年浙江省基准气象站和自动气象站逐小时降水的观测资料,对浙江省短时强降水的时空分布特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:1)2010~2019年浙江短时强降水累计发生频次为72601站次,随雨强增大呈指数式衰减。2)短时强降水空间分布不均匀,沿海向内陆发生频次减少,出现频次最高的地区位于温州西南部。夏半年随时间推进和影响系统演变,短时强降水的空间分布亦存在差异:5~6月浙西地区短时强降水多发,7月短时强降水全省分散分布无明显的区域集中特征,8~10月则主要在沿海地区多发。3)总体而言短时强降水的日变化峰值出现在17:00(北京时间,下同),且高强度短时强降水更倾向发生在午后到傍晚时段。夏秋季节短时强降水在午后到傍晚最为多发,峰值出现在17:00至18:00,这与副热带高压强盛,午后到傍晚热力和不稳定条件好,易触发强对流天气有关;春季除午后到傍晚外夜间和凌晨亦为短时强降水多发时段,可能与低空急流多在夜间和早晨发展加强有关。短时强降水的月变化特征呈现类双峰型分布,8月最为多发(26.0%)(主要由台风降水造成),其次为6月和7月。不同强度的短时强降水月变化特征存在较明显差异。而短时强降水的年际分布不均,2015年之后年际变化幅度增大,其中2016年短时强降水发生频次最高达8728站次,2017年为发生频次最低仅5581站次。 Utilizing the hourly precipitation from reference meteorological stations and automatic meteorological stations during 2010–2019,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of short-time heavy rainfall in Zhejiang Province were analyzed.Results show the following:1)During 2010–2019,the cumulative frequency of short-time heavy rainfall in Zhejiang was 72601,which decayed exponentially with the increase of intensity.2)The spatial distribution of short-time heavy rainfall is uneven.The frequency of occurrence decreased from coastal to inland,and the highest frequency occurred in the southwest of Wenzhou.As the influence system changes over time in summer,the spatial distribution of short-time heavy rainfall also changes.Short-time heavy rainfall frequently occurred in western Zhejiang from May to June,which were scattered throughout the province without obvious regional concentration characteristics in July and mainly occurred in coastal areas from August to October.3)The diurnal variation of short-time heavy rainfall exhibited a peak of 1700 LST.The high-intensity precipitation tended to occur more in the afternoon or at dusk.In summer and autumn,short-time heavy rainfall mostly occurred in the afternoon or at dusk with a peak of 1700 LST–1800 LST.This was related to the strong subtropical high and the good heat and unstable conditions,which could easily trigger strong convective weather.In spring,except in the afternoon and at dusk,short-time heavy rainfall also frequently occurred at night and early in the morning,which may be related to the strengthening of low-level jets.The monthly variation presented a bimodal distribution,with August being the most active(26.0%)(mainly contributed to typhoon precipitation),which was followed by June and July.Moreover,there were obvious differences in the monthly variation characteristics of short-time heavy rainfall in different intensities.The interannual distribution of short-time heavy rainfall was uneven,and the interannual variability increased after 2015.The highest frequency of short-time heavy rainfall was 8728 in 2016,while the lowest frequency was only 5581 in 2017.
作者 俞佩 YU Pei(Zhejiang Province Meteorological Observatory,Hangzhou 310000)
机构地区 浙江省气象台
出处 《气候与环境研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2022年第3期397-407,共11页 Climatic and Environmental Research
基金 浙江省气象科技计划项目2020YB01。
关键词 短时强降水 空间分布 日变化 月变化 年际变化 Short-time heavy rainfall Spatial distribution Diurnal variation Monthly variation Interannual variation
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