植物源miRNA跨界调控动物机体健康研究进展

Research Progress of Dietary Plant miRNA in Cross-Kingdom Regulation on Animal Health

食物中的营养素普遍被认为是有关动物营养调控基因表达的重要物质,近年来发现,食物中植物源miRNA作为一类单链非编码小RNA可能是一种新的食物功能性成分在动物机体发挥调控作用。过去10年出现的证据表明,植物源miRNAs可以通过采食进入动物机体参与基因的表达调控,在动物生理过程和疾病发生发展中产生影响。目前,对食物中植物源miRNA如何进入动物机体并在机体内转运发挥调节功能的一系列活动仍未有系统全面总结。因此,本文从植物源miRNA跨物种的稳定性、转运方式、吸收规律、作用机制和代谢等方面的进展进行总结分析,为探究食物中植物源miRNA与动物健康和生长的关系提供新的视角,并对植物源miRNA跨界调控动物健康和在畜牧生产中的应用前景进行展望,为植物源miRNA的开发利用提供参考。

Nutrients in food are generally considered important animal nutrition-related gene expression regulators.In recent years,it has been found that food-derived dietary miRNA could serve as a novel functional component that plays a regulatory role in the animal body.Over the past decade,evidence has indicated that plant miRNA were absorbed by feeding,participated in the regulation of gene expression,and impacted animal physiological processes and the development of animal diseases.At present,there is no systematic and comprehensive summary of plant miRNA transport pathways and regulatory functions in the animal.This review summarizes and analyses the research progress of plant miRNA in terms of cross-kingdom stability,transport mode,absorption regulation,mechanism of function,and metabolism.It provides a new perspective for exploring the relationship between plant miRNA and animal health.Our review also forecasts the application prospect of plant miRNA in animal disease and production and provides a reference for plant miRNA development and utilization.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(5):2732-2740]