胚期给养调控肉仔鸡肌纤维发育和肉品质的研究进展

Recent Advances on Regulation of in Ovo Feeding on Muscle Fiber Development and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

肉仔鸡是饲养周期短、肌肉产量高的养殖动物。肉仔鸡肌纤维形成和发育的关键阶段是胚胎期,胚胎期肌纤维发育对最终肌肉产量和肉品质具有重要影响。肉仔鸡孵化后期代谢旺盛,胚蛋内营养相对不足,时常发生胚胎肌肉蛋白质分解供能的情况,进而损害出壳后肌纤维发育和最终的肉品质。在孵化期为肉仔鸡胚胎提供合适的营养物质,可以调节胚期能量代谢和肌肉发育,具有调控出壳后肌纤维发育和上市日龄肉仔鸡肉品质的作用。本文结合肉仔鸡胚期肌纤维发育的特点,阐述了出壳前后营养物质缺乏影响肌纤维发育的代谢基础,重点综述了胚期营养对肌纤维发育和肉品质的调控作用,并对胚期营养调控肉品质的研究进行展望,旨在讨论超早期营养干预对肉仔鸡肌纤维发育和肉品质的调控作用,为后续研究和生产应用提供参考和借鉴。

Broiler chickens are farm animals which are characterized by short raising period and high muscle yield. Embryogenic stage is the key stage of muscle fiber formation and development in broiler chickens,and the muscle fiber development in embryogenic stage determine the final meat product and quality. In the late incubation phase,the vigorous metabolism and insufficient nutrition reserve may lead to embryonic muscle protein degradation for energy supply,which would damage the development of muscle fibers in the post hatch and final meat quality. Early exposure to suitable nutrients in the incubation phase may regulate embryonic energy metabolism and benefit the muscle development,also has the function of regulating the fiber development post hatch and the meat quality of the broiler chicken at the market age. This paper described the metabolism basis of muscle fiber development affected by the shortage of nutrient reserve in the pre and post hatch phase based on the characteristics of embryonic muscle development,and focused on the regulation of in ovo feeding on muscle development and meat quality,in addition,the future direction of study on embryonic nutrition regulation meat quality were also discussed. This paper aimed to review the regulatory function of ultra-early nutritional intervention muscle fiber development and meat quality in broilers,has with the aim to provide a theoretical foundation for future study.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(5):2781-2789]