饲粮不同来源及水平蛋白质对仔鹅生长性能、血清生化指标和氮代谢的影响

Effects of Different Sources and Levels of Protein in Diets on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Parameters and Nitrogen Metabolism of Goslings

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同来源及水平蛋白质对仔鹅生长性能、血清生化指标和氮代谢的影响。采取2×3两因素析因设计,将1日龄江南白鹅公雏504只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复14只,分别饲喂不同来源(植物性蛋白质和动物性蛋白质)和水平(14.5%、18.5%和22.5%)蛋白质的饲粮,试验期30 d。结果显示:1)饲粮不同来源蛋白质对鹅30日龄体重无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮不同水平蛋白质对鹅30日龄体重有显著影响(P<0.05),18.5%和14.5%蛋白质水平组鹅30日龄体重和平均日增重显著高于22.5%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05),且18.5%蛋白质水平组鹅30日龄体重和平均日增重最大。2)饲粮不同来源蛋白质对鹅血清生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05);随饲粮蛋白质水平的提高,鹅血清中尿素氮和尿酸含量显著增加(P<0.05)。3)动物性蛋白质组鹅食入氮和排泄氮显著低于植物性蛋白质组(P<0.05),氮利用率显著高于植物性蛋白质组(P<0.05);鹅摄入氮和留存氮随饲粮蛋白质水平的升高而显著升高(P<0.05);18.5%和22.5%蛋白质水平组鹅氮利用率显著高于14.5%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮不同蛋白质水平对鹅30日龄体重、留存氮和氮利用率有显著影响,而其不同来源对鹅30日龄体重无显著影响,仅对留存氮和氮利用率有显著影响,动物性蛋白质优于植物性蛋白质;不同来源及水平蛋白质对鹅氮利用率有显著的互作效应。18.5%动物性蛋白质组鹅30日龄体重和氮利用率效果最好。结果提示,仔鹅采食适量动物性蛋白质,可增加氮沉积量,提高氮利用率。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different sources and levels of protein in diets on the growth performance,serum biochemical parameters and nitrogen metabolism of goslings. In total,504 one-day-old male Jiangnan white goslings were randomly divided into six groups according to a 2×3 factorial design. Each group included six replicates,with 14 goslings per replicate. Goslings were fed diets with different sources(plant protein sources and animal protein sources)and levels(14.5%,18.5% and 22.5%)of protein. The period of the experiment was 30 days. The results showed as follows:1)the different sources of protein had no significant effects on body weight(BW)at 30 days of age(P>0.05). Different dietary protein levels had significant effects on BW at 30 days of age,the BW at 30 days of age and average daily weight gain(ADG)of 18.5% and 14.5% protein level groups were significantly greater than those of the 22.5% protein level group(P<0.05),and the level of 18.5% protein group had the largest BW and ADG. 2)The different sources of protein had no significant effects on serum biochemical parameters(P>0.05). With the increase of dietary protein levels,the contents of urea nitrogen and uric acid in serum of goslings increased significantly(P<0.05). 3)The intake and excretion of nitrogen in animal protein groups were significantly lower than those in the plant protein groups(P<0.05),while the nitrogen utilization rate was significantly greater than that in the plant protein groups(P<0.05). With the increase of protein levels,the intake and retained of nitrogen also increased significantly(P < 0.05). The nitrogen utilization rate in 18.5% and 22.5% protein level group was significantly greater than that in 14.5% protein level groups(P<0.05). This experiment shows that different dietary protein levels have a significant impact on the BW at 30 days of age,retained nitrogen and nitrogen utilization rate of goslings. Different sources of protein has no significant impact on the BW at 30 days of age,but only has a significant impact on the retained nitrogen and nitrogen utilization rate,as well as animal protein is better than the plant protein. Different sources and levels of protein has significant interaction effects on nitrogen utilization rate. The 18.5% animal protein has the best effect on BW at 30 days of age and nitrogen utilization rate of goslings. The results suggest that the proper amount of animal protein in the goslings can increase the amount of nitrogen deposition and increase the nitrogen utilization rate.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2022,34(5):2991-2999]