基于多物种栖息地适宜度模型的河道生态流量确定方法与应用

Determining the Ecologically Sustainable River Flow Using the Multiple Species Habitat Suitability Model

【目的】河流栖息模拟法是计算生态流量的最常用最有效的方法之一,然而,传统的栖息地模拟多以单一指示物种构建栖息地模型进行栖息地适宜度评价,忽略了水生生态系统中的种间关系,不能代表河流整体的生境质量水平。【方法】本论文基于模糊逻辑法构建多物种栖息地适宜度模型进行栖息地模拟,建立河流栖息地质量与径流条件的定量响应关系,进而确定河流生态流量。【结果】以浉河信阳市区段为实例,基于多物种栖息地适宜度模型推求的河段适宜生态流量为160~260 m^(3)/s,最小生态流量为60 m^(3)/s,比以鲫鱼为单一指示物种的栖息地模型的推求结果区间更小。【结论】多指示物种的河流栖息地适宜度模型,能够考虑物种之间的竞争或促进对物种生长的影响,更有利于科学合理地确定河流生态流量。完善了河流生境评估理论体系,为河流水资源可持续开发利用提供保障。

【Objective】The ecological functions of a river are manifold;and how to determine river flow rates which are ecologically sustainable is important but not trivial.In this paper,we proposed a new approach to model river habitat.【Method】The model is based on multiple indicator species and considers their competition as well as the consequence for growth of individual species.The model is constructed based on the fuzzy logic method to establish the quantitative relationship between river habitat quality and runoff conditions.We applied the model to the Xinyang section of the Shihe River.【Result】The sustainable ecological water flow in this section of the river calculated by the model is 160~260 m^(3)/s,and the minimum ecological flow rate is 60 m^(3)/s.The result interval is stricter than that calculated from the single indicator species model using crucian carp as the indicator.【Conclusion】Multiple indicator species model we proposed for determining ecologically sustainable river flow is robust and accurate.It can be used for designing sustainable development and utilization of river water resources.