基于劳动力均衡的工程项目极限工期研究

Limit construction period of engineering project based on labor balance

资源宽容条件下,工程项目存在工作面上劳动力均衡问题,即有限的工作面上劳动力的分配量与一定需求量间存在偏差,从而影响极限工期的实现。为科学有效地解决这一问题,首先引入劳动力均衡随机系数,通过衡量有限工作面上劳动力均衡程度,有效地对劳动力进行优化调整,减少劳动力分配量与一定需求量之间的偏差,使劳动力趋于均衡;其次,建立以极限工期为目标的劳动力均衡模型,在有限工作面上劳动力均衡的基础上,可实现工程项目极限工期;然后,对标准粒子群算法(PSO)改进:更新方程做整改进而解决实际工程项目中劳动力数量为整的问题;采用动态惯性权重以保证粒子群算法求解精度和收敛速度。通过改进后的粒子群算法对本研究模型求解,最终得到工程项目的极限工期以及最佳劳动力分配方案;最后,通过案例分析,验证了该模型简单可操作性和实用性,表明改进的粒子群算法在进行模型求解的过程中搜索精度及效率较高,求解结果较为理想。研究结果不仅丰富了工程项目极限工期相关理论,而且为管理者在资源宽容条件下实现项目的极限工期提供了科学有效的参考意见。此外,在资源节约型社会的背景下,对减少资源浪费,提高资源的利用率具有一定的现实意义。

Under the condition of resource tolerance,there is a problem of labor balance in the working face of engineering projects.That is,there is a deviation between the distribution of labor on the limited working face and a certain demand,which affects the realization of the limit construction period.In order to solve this problem scientifically and effectively,we first introduced the stochastic coefficient of labor force equilibrium,which effectively optimized and adjusted the labor force by measuring the degree of labor force equilibrium on the limited working face.Next,the paper made the labor force tend to be balanced by reducing the deviation between the labor force distribution and a certain demand.Secondly,a labor force equilibrium model with the goal of limit construction period was established.Basis on labor force equilibrium on limited working face,the limit construction period of engineering project could be realized.Then,the standard particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm was improved from two aspects.The update equation was rounded to solve the problem that the quantity of labor force was integer in the actual engineering project.Dynamic inertia weight was adopted to ensure the accuracy and convergence speed of PSO.After that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the research model.The best labor allocation scheme were obtained.Finally,through case analysis,the model was proved to be simple,operable and practical.And the improved PSO had high search accuracy and efficiency in the process of solving the model.Besides,and the solution result was more satisfactory.The results not only enrich the theory of limit construction period of engineering projects,but also provide scientific and effective reference for managers to realize the limit construction period of projects under the condition of resource tolerance.In addition,under the background of resource-saving society,it has certain practical significance to reduce resource waste and improve resource utilization.