崇州市布鲁菌病流行特征及从业人员防治知识调查

Epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis and cognition and prevention awareness towards brucellosis among the practitioners in Chongzhou City

目的掌握崇州市布鲁菌病(以下简称“布病”)的流行特征和从业人员布病防治知识的知晓情况,为布病的防控工作提供依据。方法利用2016—2019年“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”中崇州市报告的布病数据和个案调查报告,选择2019年崇州市与牛羊直接或间接接触的从业人员进行问卷调查,使用EpiData 3.1、Excel 2010和SPSS 19.0等软件,对资料用统计描述、Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验、卡方检验等方法进行分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2016—2019年崇州市布病累计报告发病数10例,年平均发病率0.06/10万,职业以羊只屠宰为主(60%),首发症状以发热为主(90%),首诊疾病为其他起病的(80%),发病到确诊时间为5~58 d。崇州市从业人员的布病知晓率较低(知晓率仅为34.01%),个人防护不到位。不同工种的从业人员布病知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论崇州市布病疫情呈散发状态,90%的病例有明显的羊只及其产品接触史。应加大对外地羊只及其产品的检疫和管控,督促屠宰场所建立清洁消毒制度,对从业人员做好血清学监测和健康教育,促进其做好个人防护。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis and investigate cognition and prevention awareness towards brucellosis among employees who had direct or indirect contact with cattle and sheep in Chongzhou city in order to provide scientific references for prevention and control.Methods Brucellosis cases reported in Chongzhou city from 2016 to 2019 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.In 2019,employees who had direct or indirect contact with cattle and sheep in Chongzhou city were surveyed by using the questionnaire.A database was established by using EpiData 3.1,Excel 2020 and SPSS 19.0.Descriptive statistics,Kruskal-Wallis H tests,chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results A total of 10 cases were reported with an average annual incidence rate of 0.06/10;from 2016 to 2019 in Chongzhou city.Most cases were workers of goat slaughtering(60%).Fever was the first symptom(90%).80%of the cases were not diagnosed with brucellosis at the first time.The time from onset to diagnosis was 5-58 days.The awareness of brucellosis of the employees is low(34.01%).The protection measure is not effective,only 2.12%of the workers insisted on effective protection at all time.The awareness rate of brucellosis was statistically different among employees of different types of work.Conclusions The epidemic situation of Brucellosis was sporadic in Chongzhou city,but 90%of the cases had a clear history of exposure to goat and its products.Quarantine and control of external goat should be strengthened,and clean and disinfected system in the slaughter places should be supervised.Serological monitoring and health education should be carried out for the employees to promote their health.