肿瘤干细胞疫苗的研究进展

Research progress of cancer stem cell vaccine

目前已知的绝大多数癌症治疗方法如化疗、放疗、免疫靶向治疗等主要以肿瘤细胞为靶目标,但很多肿瘤并不能被完全治愈且治疗后伴随很多并发症。一群高度耐药的肿瘤细胞能够使肿瘤重新聚集并转移到新的部位,使肿瘤继续发生发展。如果可以基于它们的表型或功能特征来鉴定具有干细胞样特征的癌细胞,从而找到肿瘤干细胞特异性抗原制成干细胞疫苗,进而激活机体内特异的免疫应答,以达到靶向清除肿瘤干细胞的目的,就能一定程度上控制肿瘤的复发及转移,杀灭肿瘤干细胞甚至可以消除肿瘤对放化疗的拮抗性及耐药性。因此肿瘤干细胞疫苗即靶向肿瘤干细胞的主动免疫疗法的研究与发展对恶性难治性肿瘤的治疗有着重要意义,本篇综述将对近年来肿瘤干细胞及其疫苗的发现、发展与研究结果进行概述。

At present,cancer treatment methods such as chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and immune targeted therapy mainly target tumor cells,but much cancer cannot be cured and there are many complications after treatment.A group of highly resistant tumor cells enables tumors to re-aggregate and metastasize to new sites,allowing tumors to continue to develop.If cancer stem cell can be identified based on their phenotypic or functional characteristics,a cancer stem cell specific antigen can be found to make a stem cell vaccine,and then the specific immune response in the body can be activated to achieve the purpose of targeted removal of cancer stem cells.It can control tumor recurrence and metastasis to a certain extent,kill cancer stem cells,and even eliminate its antagonism and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Therefore,the research and development of cancer stem cell vaccine,that is,active immunotherapy targeting cancer stem cells,is of great significance for the treatment of malignant refractory tumors.This review will summarize the development and research results of cancer stem cell vaccines in recent years.