沿海港口大宗散货集疏运方式重置研究——基于“公转铁”比价关系视角的分析

The Reset of Collection and Distribution Types for Major Bulk of Coastal Ports——the Analysis Based on the Angle of Price Comparison Relationship

大宗散货属于我国沿海港口的主体货种,其运输规模巨大,但却长期过度依赖公路运输,产生了较高的运输成本,而未充分发挥铁路运输的基础性优势,近年来倡导的“公转铁”行动进展滞后。本文通过构建公路和铁路两个部门的相对价格模型,研究认为形成以上集疏运问题的根源主要在于较低的公路运价和偏高的铁路运价所形成的格局。为推动沿海港口大宗散货集疏运方式的合理化重置,应突出价格变量在整体方案中的作用,从公路运价的内部化和铁路运价的市场化两方面着手,构建符合高质量发展要求、科学配置运输资源、合理分工相关运输方式的综合集疏运体系。

The major bulk are an important part of Chinese coastal ports market, and the scale of collection and distribution is very huge.But the choice of transport type is reliant on road transport so heavily instead of giving full play to advantages of rail transport, so high transportation cost will be inevitable, and the progress of shifting from road to rail which is encouraged in recent years is not remarkable. Based on the relative freight rate model of road and rail transport sectors, the paper found that main origin of the problem of collection and distribution types is the low freight rate of road transport and the high freight rate of rail transport. In order to promote the reset of collection and distribution types for major bulk of coastal ports, the function of price factor in the general scheme should be emphasized. Upon the internalization of road freight rate and the marketization of rail freight rate, the comprehensive collection and distribution system which can meet the requirements of high-quality development, scientifically allocates transportation resources and reasonable division of relevant transport types will be constructed.