三峡枢纽江海铁多式联运定价及策略研究

Research on pricing strategy of river-sea-rail multimodal transport of Three Gorges

三峡翻坝运输体系为承运人提供水—公、水—铁等多种运输方式,可使承运人短时间内完成运输任务。本文以江海联运、水铁联运为依托,考虑托运人预期心理效用和环境因素,从对托运人进行补贴的角度,建立有/无政府补贴情况下承运人收益函数,根据Nash均衡策略,求解承运人最优定价和最佳收益,并分析不同参数和补贴对运输定价和收益的影响。最后,以“辽宁锦州—湖北宜昌—四川成都”集装箱运输为例,实证分析托运人补贴对承运人运价及收益的影响。结果发现:托运人补贴在一定程度上可提升承运人运价和收益。本文建议发展江海铁多式联运,补充和完善三峡翻坝运输体系;构建多式联运新格局,拓宽多式联运新通道;当地政府要积极助力水公铁多式联运的发展。

The transportation system of three Gorges dam overturn provides the carrier with various transportation modes, such as water-highway, water-iron, etc., which can make the carrier complete the transportation task in a short time. In this paper, based on river and ocean combined transportation, water and rail combined transportation, two functions of the benefits with or without government subsidy cases revenue had been established from the perspective of subsidies for the shipper, considering the shipper expectations utility and environmental factors. Based on the Nash equilibrium strategy, the optimal pricing and the best benefits of the carrier had been solved, and the different parameters and subsidies on transportation pricing and the impact of income had been analyzed. Finally, taking "Jinzhou, Liaoning--Yichang,Hubei--Chengdu, Sichuan" container transport as an example, the impact of shipper benefit on carrier rates and revenue had been analyzed.The result shows that shipper subsidy can improve carrier’s freight rate and revenue to a certain extent. This paper proposes to develop river-sea-railway multimodal transport to supplement and improve the transport system of the Three Gorges dam. A new pattern of multimodal transport will be built, and the new multimodal transport channels will be expanded;Local governments should assist the development of water, highway and rail multimodal transport progressly.