代孕儿童权利保护——以人类辅助生殖技术为切入点

Protection of Surrogate Children’s Rights--Taking Human Assisted Reproductive Technology as the Starting Point

采用人类辅助生殖技术代孕生子正演变为继收养之后的一个全球性法律现象,它突破了传统的法律规制并引发了一系列儿童权利保护的难题。它导致跛足的亲子关系,可能直接或间接导致买卖儿童;此外,由于监管的缺位,还易导致遗弃、虐待儿童以及使儿童处于无国籍状态等问题。这些问题在中国具体表现为三个方面:一是代孕亲子关系的认定缺乏统一标准;二是缺乏防止代孕儿童买卖、遗弃以及虐待的法律机制;三是代孕增加了儿童无国籍的法律风险。针对这些问题,我国有必要对通过辅助生殖技术的正当代孕行为在立法上给予肯定性评价,对通过辅助生殖技术的代孕行为进行法律规制,从立法上明确“孕者为母”的法律定位,完善代孕儿童人身权保护的法律机制,构建适用于代孕儿童的特殊收养制度以及完善跨境代孕的相关法律规定。

Surrogacy through assisted reproductive technology is becoming another global legal phenomenon after adoption,which breaks the traditional legal norms and causes a series of human rights protection problems.As far as the protection of children’s rights is concerned,the limping parentage caused by surrogacy may constitute or indirectly cause the sale of children.The absence of supervision may easily lead to the abandonment and abuse of children,and make children stateless.These problems caused by surrogacy in China are embodied in the lack of unified standards for the identification of parent-child relationship,the lack of legal mechanisms to prevent the sale,abandonment and abuse of surrogacy children,and the increased risk of children becoming stateless.To solve these problems,it is necessary to gives a positive legislative evaluation on the act of legitimate surrogacy through the assisted reproductive technology,to regulate the act of surrogacy through the assisted reproductive technology is by law,to clarify the legal position that the pregnant woman is the legal mother,to improve the legal mechanism of protecting the jura personarum of surrogacy children,to establish a special adoption system applicable to surrogacy children and to improve the norms on cross-border surrogacy.