个人破产程序中债务人破产申请权思辨——基于权利保障的视角

Research on the Debtor’s Right to Apply for Insolvency in Individual Insolvency Procedure——From the Perspective of Rights Protection

在构建我国个人破产程序的过程中,理论界与实务界对我国未来个人破产法应赋予哪些债务人破产申请权的问题存在争论。就债务人破产申请权的权利属性而言,该权利不仅意味着债务人掌握了债务清理的主动权与选择权,还是连接破产程序中其他对债务人利好制度的关键。因此,我国未来个人破产法不应当选择性地赋予债务人破产申请权,而是要采纳一般个人破产主义,全面赋予债务人破产申请权,不将任何类型债务人排除在个人破产法的调整范围之外。在此基础上,我国未来个人破产法应当以案件标的额大小、债权人人数等因素为界分标准,构建简易破产程序。此外,还应当建立破产申请间隔等防范制度,以规制债务人滥用破产申请权的问题。

In the process of constructing China’s personal insolvency procedure,there are debates between theoretical and practical circles on which debtors’bankruptcy filing rights should be granted in China’s future personal insolvency law.In terms of the attributes of the debtor’s right to file for insolvency,the right not only means that the debtor holds the initiative and option to liquidate the debt,but also is the key to connect other favorable systems for the debtor in the insolvency procedure.Therefore,China’s future personal insolvency law should not selectively grant debtors the right to file for insolvency,but should adopt the general personal bankruptcy doctrine and fully grant debtors the right to file for insolvency,without excluding any type of debtors from the adjustment scope of personal insolvency law.On this basis,China’s future personal insolvency law should build simple bankruptcy procedure according to the size of the subject matter of the case,the number of creditors and other factors as the dividing criteria,in addition,it should also establish a bankruptcy filing interval and other preventive systems to regulate the abuse of the debtor’s right to file for insolvency.