转移距离、服务外包与农地流转——基于农业劳动力转移的农户证据

Labor Transfer, Service Outsourcing and Farmland Transfer: Based on Evidence from the Rural Households’ Labor Transfer Data

利用9省(区)农户数据,分析农业劳动力转移距离对农户农地流转的影响。结果表明:劳动力转移的距离越远,越能够强化农户的农地流转行为倾向。进一步研究发现,农户劳动力转移对农地转出的影响存在“门槛效应”,即只有当农户中劳动力的非农转移达到一定比例时,才会对农地转出产生影响;使用替代变量法和工具变量法均证明了该结果的稳健性。农户异质性分析表明,高兼业程度农户的劳动力非农转移、体力型劳动力非农就业对其农地转出的正向影响更为显著。分区域来看,劳动力转移对农户农地转出的影响呈现中部、东部、西部依次弱化的区域格局。另外,农户参与分工经济,进行农业生产性服务外包,会显著降低劳动力非农转移对农户农地转出的促进作用,这表明农业劳动力、农业社会化服务与农地流转三大要素市场之间存在此消彼长的关系。

Based on the data of farmers in 9 provinces(regions), this paper analyzes the influence of agricultural labor transfer distance on farmers’ farmland transfer. The results show that the farther the spatial distance of labor transfer is, the more it can strengthen farmers’ behavior tendency of farmland transfer. Further study finds that there is a “threshold effect” in the impact of farmers’ labor transfer on the transfer of agricultural land. That means that only when the non-agricultural transfer of labor among farmers reaches a certain proportion, it will have an impact on the transfer of farmland. After using proxy variables and instrumental variables to solve the endogenous problem, the impact of rural labor transfer on farmland lease-out still obtains a consistent conclusion. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the labor transfer of rural households who has high-level non-agricultural income and the non-agricultural employment of physical labor force have a more significant positive impact on farmland transfer. In addition, from a sub-region point of view, the impact of labor transfer on the transfer of farmland from rural households presents a regional pattern of weakening in the central, eastern and western regions. However, once farmers are involved in the division of labor and outsourcing agricultural production services, it will significantly weaken the positive effect of non-agricultural labors’ transfer on farmland rental activity. This shows that there is a mutual growth and decline relationship among the market of agricultural labor force, agricultural socialized services, and agricultural land transfer.